الفهرس 
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic chronic disease caused by flukes which belong mainly to the genus Schistosoma that. Life schistosomiasis cycle include both invertebrate hosts and vertebrates. Transmission through running water and infection may occur in travelers and immigrants to many of the affected areas. estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO) wounded more than 200 million people in 74 countries, of which 85% live in Africa, and the southern desert in the Middle East, including Egypt.
S. mansoni in Egypt intensively happens in the Nile Delta region, while parasitic settlers in the valley of the entire Nile. And it is one of the most important factors causing tumors.
p53 (also known as tumor protein 53 or 53), is a protein inhibitor of tumor symbolizes the genes in the human TP53. It is kept at low levels P53 has many anti-cancer mechanisms, and plays a role in apoptosis.
Stem cells are unspecialized cells have the ability to renew themselves indefinitely for long periods of cell division and have the ability to differentiate and specialization for various types of cells and tissues in accordance with the specific environmental conditions.
Human placenta and blood that remained in the umbilical cord is routinely available as a discarded tissue after deliveries and it is free of any ethical concern, providing a rich population of a high number of primitive multipotent CD34+ progenitor/stem cells and pluripotent mesenchymal cells. In addition, cord blood stem cells do not carry any legal, moral, ethical or religious objections associated with the use of embryonic stem (ESCs) cells.
Therefore this study was designed to examine the effect of stem cells (CD34⁺) from the blood of the human gene umbilical cord on inhibiting P53 tumors in mice infected with schistosomiasis.
The study included three groups of mice: the first group are five normal mice to be a control group , the second group include eleven infected intestinal schistosomiasis has not been treated and the third group include seven mice infected with intestinal schistosomiasis was injected into a vein stem cells from human umbilical cord blood.
Materials and methods include The extraction of bone marrow cells of the three groups Negative , Positive and treated groups and isolate DNA and amplified by the PCR and control through the gel (EtBr) were measured qualitative analysis by PCR has been statistically measuring mutations in the tumor suppressor gene in the bone marrow cells.
Then DNA sequencing take place to determine specific nucleotides that have been mutated.
By using National Center for Biological Information NCBI BLAST as a gene bank to compare between nucleotides resulting from DNA sequencing of three groups.
The results showed that the percentage of gaps in normal samples 0% and when it became acute infected the percentage of gaps 1 % when chronic schistosomiasis percentage become gaps 2% These percentages of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene that occurred in normal cells are nil in comparison with gene mutations that occurred in the cancer cells.
The level of tumor suppressor gene P53 of tumor cells a good indicator of the health of the cells and an excellent indicator of the cell’s genetic toxicity. It also ensures the safety of stem cells (CD34⁺) for use in various therapeutic applications
An issue that remains unanswered regarding stem cells is the behavior of stem cells, its characteristics and functionality in particularly for diseases caused by exogenous pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites, for example parasite-induced specific schistosomiasis in vivo. Moreover, stem cells still need
to be studied further for their differentiation potential and internal repair system towards the complex host-schistosomiasis interaction to repair damaged tissues associated with femur bone marrow cells from mice which the body cannot survive without. For this reason, we have expanded to anticipate these hUCB in a proof of concept experiment to build rational approaches in a unique model aimed at stem cell basic biology and applicable research in vivo, particularly to study the effect of hUCB-derived CD34+ progenitor/stem cells transplantation on health conditions and after damaged bone marrow tissues in particular by the devastating human parasitic flatworm S. mansoni by assessing and evaluating of bone marrow cells damage and function.
The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene located on the short arm of chromosome 17 and the protein, which it normally expresses, is a transcriptional suppressor, arresting cell proliferation in the late G1 phase. This seems to be a an inbuilt mechanism which induces a normal cell to pause after a potentially mutagenic insult, permitting DNA repair before mitosis takes place and thereby protecting the cell lineage from mitotic failure, harmful mutations or aneuploidy .
P53 is an excellent predictor of the susceptibility to cell genotoxicity and consequent risk to stem cell functions and high genome plasticity. In this thesis, we applied knowledge and applicable data obtained from selected hUCB CD34+ progenitor/stem cells to build a rational approach aimed at stem cell basic biology and applicable research to monitor the incidence of p53 mutations in CD34+ cord blood stem cells with different mother`s age to ensure the safety of CD34+ cord blood stem cells usage for different therapeutic application.
Collectively, our data from this study has demonstrated that the intravenous injections of purified hUCB-derived CD34+ progenitor/stem cells into the S. mansoni-induced damaged bone marrow cells de novo and treated with hUCB-derived CD34+ progenitor/stem cells for shorter and longer periods in vivo compared to non-infected mice and may be beneficial for therapy to recover organ structure and/or function of infected mice with S. mansoni compared to non-infected mice.
Our findings suggest that hUCB-derived CD34+ progenitor/stem cells treatment might represent a novel potential therapeutic source for treatment of schistosomiasis in mice and it’s away for decreasing of P53 mutations so it can do better.