الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 140 |  |  |
| | | from | 140 | | |
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anthracycline antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide variety of malignancies. However, the clinical use of this agent is limited by a significant dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which may progress to end-stage heart failure (Outomuro et al., 2007). In addition to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, it also causes nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity (Injac et al., 2008). DOX-induced nephrotoxicity causes increased capillary permeability and glomerular atrophy (Injac et al., 2008).
Through this study, we investigated the possible effects of levosimendan against the development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity were induced by Doxorubicin in a dose of 15 mg/kg i.p. at the fourth day of the experiment in group III which received DOX only and group IV which received DOX and levosimendan in a dose of 1 mg/kg orally for 7 days (Vahtola et al.,2011).
This dose of DOX was previously used in many studies and was shown to cause cardiotoxicity (Miyagawa et al., 2010; Hamada et al., 2015) and nephrotoxicity (El-Sheikh et al., 2012).
The effect of DOX in the absence and presence of levosimendan on the level of serum urea, LDH and CK-MB, serum and urinary creatinine, OS parameters such as renal and cardiac MDA, SOD, NO and GSH were assessed. Serum TNF-α level as an inflammatory parameter, was also evaluated. Additionally, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were done.