الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Transmucosal delivery is an innovative strategy outside of the traditional oral or injectable routes of drug delivery that is a point of interest nowadays.
Nasal mucosa, as a transmucosal route, is one of the most permeable and highly vascularized sites for drug administration ensuring rapid absorption and onset of therapeutic action. It minimizes the lag time, first pass effect and drug degradation in GIT associated with oral drug delivery and offers non-invasiveness, self medication, patient comfort and compliance which are hurdled in intravenous drug therapy.
A tremendous advantage of intra-nasal delivery is nose-to-brain delivery of CNS acting drugs, as many potential CNS drugs are unable to reach the brain in enough amounts, because of BBB. Nose-to-brain delivery avoids blood brain barrier which is a critical factor to be considered in formulating CNS targeting drugs since the nose is the only gate for brain to the outside environment. Thus nose-to-brain delivery provides non invasive, fast, efficient, patient friendly and painless route for CNS delivery of drugs that is even useful in emergency conditions.
Almotriptan malate (ALM) was selected in the present thesis, as a CNS acting drug for migraine therapy and as one of the triptans indicated for abortive (acute care) migraine therapy, not for prophylactic one. Migraine is a recurrent incapacitating neurovascular disorder characterized by attacks of debilitating pain associated with photophobia, nausea and vomiting. Oral treatment during acute attacks of migraine, make triptan therapy unsatisfactory, owing to the associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. For this reason nasal delivery of ALM is considered marvelous, being a rapid, direct, easy route for delivery of ALM to brain, with no intervention of associated migraine symptoms with ALM absorption.
The main objective of the current thesis was to design an efficient and safe delivery system for nose to brain targeting of ALM, with good nasal residence enhancing ALM absorption through nasal mucosa. A further aim of thesis was evaluation of the optimized formulation for their brain targeting efficiency and safety in animal models.
The work of the present thesis was divided into three chapters:
Chapter One: Preparation and characterization of Almotriptan malate lipid-based nanoparticles for nasal delivery
This chapter aimed to prepare and optimize lipid-based nanoparticles (SLN or modified lipid based ones), with highest entrapment efficiency for the water soluble Almotriptan malate, together with low particle size. Lipid-based nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) were prepared by w/o/w double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, selectively chosen for entrapment of hydrophilic drugs in lipid based nanoparticles.