الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present thesis entitled “ The removal of heavy metals from water by using nano-bentonite ” comprises (139) pages (84) References, (64) Tables and (53) Figures, and divided into four chapters:
Chapter I
is concerned with pollution, heavy metals and their hazardous effect, common techniques for removal of heavy metals and the previous studies made on nanoparticle and the adsorption of heavy metals.
Chapter II
is related to the experimental part for using diffferet types of nanobentonite (acidic, basic and native nanobentonites) as adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ from mono- metal ions and Pb2+, Cd2+ and Fe2+ from multi-metal ions in aqueous solutions through batch adsorption process.. Adsorbent was purified and characterized using FT-IR, XRD and SEM analysis to identify the surface functional groups and the chemical composition of adsorbent.
Chapter III
collects the results and discussions. Removal efficiency of metal ions was investigated under various conditions, different concentrations of metal ion, amount of adsorbent, pH, contact time and different temperature at 300 rpm.
The metal ions adsorption was highly pH-dependent. The percentage of removal of metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+) increased up to pH 9, where maximum removal of Cd2+ions were 96.54%, 98.86% and 99.69% for acidic, basic and native nanobentonite , where maximum removal of Cu2+ were 99.25%, 99.26% and 99.00% for acidic, basic and native nanobentonite, but for Pb2+ the maximum.