الفهرس 
Physiology of Cardiac OutputOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Derangements in the circulation are a common feature of sepsis, trauma, major surgery and other critical illnesses. Detailed evaluation of the circulation is therefore is essential aspect of the clinical management of such patients. Thus the use of cardiac output monitoring technology is increasingly important in evaluating those patients. Sepsis occurs in 1-2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of ICU bed utilization. Due to it rarely being reported as a primary diagnosis the incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates of sepsis are likely underestimated and It is the second-leading cause of death in non-coronary intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and the tenth-most-common cause of death overall
Aims: The aim of the study is to provide a systemic update of the currently available and most commonly used cardiac output monitoring devices and their integration in management of critically ill septic patients.
Conclusion: Derangements in the circulation are a common feature of sepsis, trauma, major surgery and other critical illnesses. One of the most important thing which affect outcome of the patient with sepsis is clinical monitoring with frequent reassessments. Patient monitoring in severe sepsis is implemented during resuscitation and should not delay initiation of resuscitation; however, hemodynamic monitoring provides for appropriate goals for directed therapy and should completed as soon as is feasibly possible.