الفهرس 
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Abstract
The design of liquid crystal based tunable photonic devices and their applications in optical communications with an emphasis on all-fiber device configuration have been developed. The infiltration of liquid crystals into photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) provides a suitable common platform to design and fabricate simple and compact all-fiber tunable photonic devices which can be easily integrated with optical fiber networks. This dissertation presents the modal analysis results of a novel design of ultra high birefringence silica PCF infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal (NLC-PCF). The full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) has been used to obtain the numerical results. The analyzed parameters are the effective index, birefringence, and the effective mode area for the two fundamental polarized modes. In addition, due to their different uses in communication systems, the performance and beam propagation analysis of novel design of polarization splitter based on the silica NLC-PCF is reported thoroughly. Moreover, the fabrication tolerance for the proposed design is investigated. Further, the usage of NLC-PCF as a soliton pulse compressor has been investigated. In addition, the numerical results reveal that the NLC-PCF offers ultra high birefringence of 0.191 at the operating wavelength of 1.55 μm with NLC diameter of 3.4 μm with low losses of the two polarized modes.
The coupling characteristics of the proposed ultra-compact polarization splitter are studied thoroughly using full vectorial finite difference method (FV-FDM) and the propagation analysis is performed by full vectorial finite difference beam propagation method (FVFD-BPM). The numerical results reveal that the reported splitter has short device length of 482 µm with low crosstalk better than -25 dB with wide bandwidths of 31.5 nm and 19 nm for the quasi TE and quasi TM modes, respectively at the operating wavelength of 1.55 μm.