الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total 100 cooked beef products’ samples (25 each of luncheon, ”kofta”, shawerma and liver) purchased from supermarkets and restaurants - having different sanitation levels - in Mansoura city/Egypt, were subjected for microbial analyses, at a laboratory of Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University/Egypt. Plate count agar revealed the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (APCs) in tissues of all surveyed cooked beef samples (100%) with mean values 1.98×106, 5.3×107, 3.06×106 and 6.3×107 cfu/g for luncheon, ”kofta”, shawerma and liver samples with ranges (minimum-maximum) 4.05×104 - 2.2×107, 4.15×105-1.43×108, 1.1×104-8.4×106 and 1.37×105-7×108 cfu/g, respectively. All the aforementioned samples were also contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae organisms (100%) with mean populations as 4.6×103, 1.2×106, 7.19×103 and 3.37×105 cfu/g with ranges 9.3×102 - 8.7×103, 7.5×104 - 1.95×107, 2.2×102 -1.5×104 and 2.65×104 - 4.8×106 cfu/g, successively. Staphylococcus aureus organisms could be detected in all cooked beef samples (100%) with mean levels 6.77×104, 7.28×103, 2.66×105, and 2.45×104 cfu/g for luncheon, ”kofta”, shawerma and liver with ranges 1.2×103 -1.1×105, 1.4×102-4.7×104, 7.2×103 - 6.7×105 and 2.7×103 - 5.4×104 cfu/g, respectively. On the other hand, coagulase - positive Staphylococcus aureus could be isolated from 20%, 57%, 34.6% and 88% of such samples, consecutively. The mycological quality of the same samples revealed the presence of mould contamination in 92%, 64%, 56% and 76% of them with mean values 2.12×102, 1.92×102, 8.3×102 and 1.6×104 cfu/g with ranges 0 - 7×102, 0 - 1.1×103, 0 - 3.5×103 and 0 - 4.5×104 cfu/g, respectively. Whilst yeast contamination existed in all cooked beef samples (100%) with mean 4.8×103, 7.66×103, 4.43×104 and 4.77×105 cfu/g with ranges 1.1×103-104,1.7×103-7.5×104,1.4×104 -7.8×104 and 2.87×104 - 9×105 cfu/g, successively. Microbiological risk assessment of tested cooked beef samples, through comparing different bacterial populations contained in their tissues with the corresponding recommended limits resulted in 96% of beef luncheon,100% of beef ”kofta”, 96% of beef shawerma and 100% of beef liver samples exceeded the recommended limits of aerobic mesophilic bacteria ”APCs” (104 cfu/g). Additionally, 96% of beef kofta, 20% of beef shawerma and 100% of beef liver contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae organisms by populations more than the recommended limits (104cfu/g), while none of beef luncheon samples exceeded such limit. Besides, 96% of beef luncheon, 80% of beef ”kofta”, 96% of beef shawerma and 100% of beef liver contained Staphylococcus aureus organisms by levels more than the recommended limit (103cfu/g).