الفهرس 
Breast developmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous group of lesions in which malignant cells arise and proliferate within the breast ducts without invasion of the basement membrane. In situ breast cancers represented approximately 15% of all new breast cancer diagnoses in the United States. DCIS consists of approximately 84% of all in situ disease and accounts for 27% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers. Oncoplastic surgical techniques can be successfully applied to patients with DCIS. In fact, in some instances such as in women with low-grade DCIS, the oncoplastic approach may offer an oncologic advantage since low-grade DCIS is often characterized by minimal mammographic findings to demonstrate the extent of the lesion. Breast volume displacement is closure of the breast defect that resulted from resection of the tumor with glandular or dermo-glandular flaps prepared within the breast. In the Grisotti technique, central resection and false nipple is created from breast skin for subareolar tumors or those with nipple involvement, Round block technique is recommended for moderate breast ptosis or tumors in the periareolar areas in medium sized breasts. Batwing incision is usually defined for the excision of upper quadrant and lateral located breast tumors. Incisions should not be at the upper part of the breast, and should remain especially in bra field if possible. Breast volume replacement is Filling the defect with the patient own tissues from areas away from the breast. It is used in women with large tumor/breast volume ratio, those with defective breast volume after resection, and those with significant breast defect. With this approach, myo-cutaneous, myo-subcutaneous tissue or fat tissue is transferred to the defect site.
Key words:
Duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS), Oncoplastic breast surgery (OPS), The Round block technique, Donut mastopexy, Batwing technique, Grisotti, inferior pedicle, Latissimus Dorsi mini flap (LD), TRAM, Pedicled omental flap.