الفهرس 
List of contentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 72 |  |  |
| | | from | 72 | | |
Abstract
Background: Usage of the adjuvant medications to the anesthesia is very popular to maintain sustained depth of general anesthesia,also to alleviate the peri-operative stress response to local or general anesthesia and to maintain hemodynamic stability throughout the surgery and post-operative period. These medications showed an effectiveness in decreasing post-operative analgesic requirements Purpose: is to evaluate and compare the effect of administration of intravenous Ketorolac plus midazolam or dexmedetomidine as asupplementation to general anesthesia on peri-operative outcomes during retinal surgery Patients & methods: Eligible 60 patients were randomly allocated according to the anesthetic technique that was used into 3 groups (n = 20 in each group). Ketorolac/Midazolam group (KM) (n=20) : received 0.5 mg/kg of ketorolac in 50 ml saline over 10 minutes and 25 μg/kg midazolam in 50 ml saline over 10 minutes 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia then 40 μg/kg/h of midazolam (0.4 mg/ml) and 50 μg/kg/h of ketorolac (0.5 mg/ml) until the end of the surgical procedure in two separate syringe pumps. Dexmedetomidine group (D) (n=20):received 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine in 50 ml saline over 10 minutes and 50 ml of normal saline over 10 minutes 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia, then 0.4 μg/kg/h of dexmedetomidine (4 μg/ml) until the end of the surgical procedure. Saline group (S) (n=20): received the same volume as normal saline intravenously. Results: K/M & D showed significant ability to alleviate heart rate and arterial blood pressure response to intubation and extubation in comparison to placebo. It was significant reduction in incidence of OCR, post-operative pain scores & blood glucose levels in patients who received K/M or D in comparison to placebo. Conclusion : In our study, we concluded that; the usage of dexmedetomidine or ketorolac/midazolam are effective to minimize the body response to the stress of anesthesia and surgery like unstable hemodynamics and elevated blood glucose level, as well as intraoperative complication to eye surgery as unstable IOP or OCR occurrence.