الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ruminant stomach diseasesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on a total number of 66 cattle and buffaloes of both sexes (56 cattle and 10 buffaloes). Ages of these animals were range from 6 months to 9 years old. Cases were admitted toVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt. The control group wasexamined in slaughterhouses belonged to Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Study was conducted during the period from July 2015 to November 2016.
Animals in the current study were subjected to the following investigations: Clinical, ferroscopic, radiographical examination and surgical exploration (Rumenotomy).Clinicolaboratory investigation was also conducted including hematological, biochemical and ruminal juice analysis and disorders of ruminant stomach were classified into: T.R.P. (Cattle n=7, and Buffalo n=5), Impaction (n=5), free gas tympany (n=7), frothy tympany (n=5), vagus indigestion (n=5) and simple digestion (n=10).The results of this study could be summarized in the following points:
T.R.P. in cattle and buffaloeswas characterized by obvious signs of pain, lack of appetite with a stop or decrease in milk, increase of body temperature with a rapid heart rate, jugular pulsation in some animals, decrease of ruminal motility and scanty faeces. X-rays showed presence of foreign objects. Hematologicalanalysisshowed significant decrease in R.B.C.s count and Hbconcentration (Anemia) and significant increase in W.B.C.s and neutrophils. Serum biochemical analysis in cattle showed significant increase in total protein, globulin and urea, decrease in albumin, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and zinc. No significant change in liver enzymes, creatinine, potassium and magnesium were recorded. Analysis of ruminaljuice showed a dramaticdecrease in the number and protozoal motility. On the other hand, biochemical analysis of ruminal fluid showed highly significant decrease in potassium, sodium and phosphorus withno significant change in calcium, lactate and chlorine concentrations.
Serum biochemical analysis in buffaloes with TRP showed a highly significant increase in total protein, globulin, liver enzymes, urea while there weresignificant decrease in potassium, magnesium, copper and chloride with no significant change in albumin, ALT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, lactate, sodium and zinc concentrations. Ruminal fluid analysis revealeddecrease in the number and motility of protozoa. On the other hand, ruminal biochemical analysisshowed highly significant increase in calcium and chloride with no significant change in potassium, sodium, lactate and phosphorus.
Impaction in cattle was characterized by distention of abdomen with doughy appearance during palpation, mild signs of dehydration on some animals, decreased appetite, hypothermia, increase heart rate, stasis of rumen motility and severe constipation. All cases showed negative by a metal detector. Hematological analysis revealed no significant change in R.B.C.s count and Hbconcentration, significant increase in W.B.C.s, neutrophils and monocytes. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase in urea, lactate and sodium, significant decrease in potassium and phosphorus with no significant change in total protein, albumin, globulin, chlorine, copper and zinc concentrations. Analysis of ruminal fluid showed dramatic changes in color, odour and consistency and sharp decrease in number and motility of protozoa. On the other hand, ruminal biochemical analysis showed a highly significant increase in lactate with significant decrease in potassium, sodium, calcium but no significant changes in chloride and phosphorus.
Cases with free gas tympany were characterized by severe abdominal distention, anorexia, increase temperature, rapidheart rate anddecrease rumen motility.Ferrosopic examination was negative in 6 animals and false positive in 3 animals which is confirmed by using X-rays. Hematological analysis revealed no significant change in R.B.C.s count and hemoglobin and leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase in the concentration ofglobulin, ALP, GGT, urea and sodium, significant decrease in albumin withno significant change in total protein, ALT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, potassium lactate, chloride, copper and zinc. Rumen fluid analysis showed decrease in the number and protozoa motility. On other hand, ruminal biochemical analysis showed significant decrease in potassium and sodium with no significant change in chloride, lactate, calcium and phosphorus.
Frothy tympany was characterized by abdominal distention, decreased appetite, tachycardia,and ruminalstasis. Examined cases of Frothy tympany were negativeupon examination with metal detector. Hematological analysis showed no significant change in number of R.B.C.s count, hemoglobin concentration with highly significant increase in neutrophils. Serum biochemical analysis showed significant increase in the concentration of globulin, ALP, GGT, urea, sodium and significant decrease in albumin and zinc withno significant change in total protein, ALT, creatinine, potassium, calcium, manganese, phosphorus, lactate, chloride and copper. Rumen fluid analysis showed a high change in the color, odour and consistency with sharp decrease in the number and motility of protozoa.Ruminal biochemical analysis showed significant decrease in sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium with no significant change in chloride and lactate.
Animals with vagus indigestionshowed a characteristic pear shaped abdomen (L-shape), decreased appetite, decreased rumen motility and no defecation. Metal detector was negative in 2 animals and a false positive in 3 animals which were confirmed by X-rays. Hematological analysis showed significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration withsignificant increase in W.B.C.s, neutrophils and eosinophils counts. Serum biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of total protein, globulin, ALP, GGT, urea with significant decrease in albumin, phosphorus and a highly significant decrease in chloride, but no significant changes in ALT, creatinine, potassium, calcium, manganese, lactate, sodium, copper and zinc. Ruminal fluid analysis showed a change in the color, odour and consistency with sharp decline in number and movement of protozoa. Ruminal biochemical analysis showed highly significant increase in chloride and calcium but decrease in phosphorus. No significant changes in the concentration of sodium, potassium and lactate were recorded.
Simple indigestion in cattle was characterized by low appetite, decrease in production of milk, decrease ruminal motility and presence of changes in faeces. By using metal detector, 6 animals were negative and 4 were false positive which were confirmed by X-rays. Hematological analysis showed no significant change in number of R.B.C.s count, hemoglobin andwhite blood cells. Serum biochemical analysis showed highly significant increase in GGT with highly significant decrease in phosphorus but no significant change in the concentration of total protein, albumin, globulin, ALP, ALT, urea, creatinine, potassium, calcium, manganese, lactate, sodium, chloride, copper and zinc. Ruminal fluid analysis showed DROP in the number and motility of protozoa. Ruminal biochemical analysisshowed highly significant increase in potassium buthighly significant decrease in calcium with no significant change in sodium, chlorine, phosphorus and lactate concentrations.
Significant positive and negative correlations were reorderedbetween serum and ruminal fluidbiochemical parameters, however a controlled study in an experimental setting might be needed to avoid confounding factors and accurately interpret these correlations.