الفهرس 
1. IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 150 |  |  |
| | | from | 150 | | |
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia a predisposing factor to the development of atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases and several cardiac manifestations such as myocardial infarction, ischemia, angina and leads to morbidity and mortality (Manodeepet al., 2012). General hyperlipidemia is characterized by increased serum lipoprotein profile and lipid i.e. increased concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides with a decrease in the concentration of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Onweet al., 2015). The prevalence of hyperlipidemia has dramatically increased worldwide due to a modern lifestyle and an increase of consumption of a high-fat diet (Adisakwattana and Chanathong, 2011). The nonionic detergent, tritonWR-1339 is used by several studies to induce hypercholesterolemia in animals (Bertges et al., 2011).
Alteration in the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairments of the antioxidant system play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and subsequent cardiovascular diseases, liver is the organ responsible for the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis and easily susceptible to damage by ROS (Ismail et al., 2015).
Antioxidants are regarded as compounds that are able to delay, retard or prevent oxidation processes (Lorenzo et al., 2014). Intake of antioxidants in diet can delay or inhibit the oxidation of susceptible cellular substrates so prevent oxidative stress. Therefore, we must enrich our diet with antioxidants to protect against many chronic diseases. Antioxidants has beneficial role in food quality preservation due to their ability to prevent oxidative deterioration of lipids (Erukainure et al., 2012).
Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables to improve human health has been attributed mainly to their high contents of beneficial phytochemicals and other micronutrients (Opara and Al-Ani, 2010). Functional foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk focusing primarily on established risk factors, that is, diabetes, blood cholesteroland hypertension (Alissa and Ferns, 2012).
Grape seed extract (GSE) is considered as perfect dietary supplement, contains important minerals, vitamins and polyphenols including proanthocyanidins, procyanidins and flavonoids (Weber et al., 2007). It has been reported that procyanidin in grape seed extract prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in hamsters by reducing oxidative stress and improving adipokine secretion (Del Baset al., 2015). Also, GSE inhibits free radicals induced lipid peroxidation (Belviranli et al., 2015). Grape seed extract make relaxation to the blood vessels both in animalsand in humans and inhibit platelet aggregation, leading to improved blood flow (Habauzit and Morand, 2012).GSE has chemoprotective properties against reactive oxygen species (Nandakumar et al., 2008). Abirami and Kanagavalli (2013) stated that grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) has strong anti-oxidant properties and is beneficial in cardio protection against doxorubicin induced myocardial injury. Resent study demonstrated the beneficial role of GSE against benzene toxicity via its antioxidant capacity