الفهرس 
Tramadol and Endocrinopathy
Substance use : risk factors and consequencesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Opioids are now increasingly prescribed worldwide in every age group, for acute and chronic, cancerous and non cancerous pain . Substance abuse in Egypt becomes a serious public health threat particularly among youth . Using hashish was the most common practices, and tramadol was the most commonly used pharmaceutical drug.Tramadol hydrochloride is a synthetic, centrally acting, opiate-like analgesic that is used to treat acute and chronic pain, which was first introduced in Germany in 1977. It’s use has been approved in some countries since 1980 and became the most prescribed opioid worldwide. In addition to dangerous hazards on youth,drug abuse has many negative consequences such as decrease social adaptation and productivity at work, it may also increase the incidence of workplace accidents and increased morbidity and mortality.Tramadol has been demonstrated in the Egyptian community in the last years because it is easily accessible and readily provided at cheap costs despite of it is being a schedule.Being an opioid, tramadol carries all possible risks known from other opiates. The aim of this study is to assess the disturbances that may occur in some hormones among males suffering from tramadol use disorder