الفهرس 
Liver toxicityOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hend Abd Elrahman Mubarak Mohammed: Biochemical Studies on
Moringa Extracts and Their Effects on Hepatotoxicity and Diabetes
in Rats. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Agricultural
Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2017.
Liver toxicity was induced by administration of ethanol, carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) or α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) for
experimental rats to evaluate the adverse effects of these treatments, and
the protective effects of moringa, turmeric and rhubarb extracts. The
therapeutic effect of moringa leaf extract against acute hyperglycemia
induced by streptozotocin in male rats was also evaluated in this study.
The protective and therapeutic effects of these plant extracts compared
to the adverse effects of the liver toxicants and streptozotocin were
monitored through different blood biochemical assays and histological
examinations of liver tissues. No significant (p≤0.05) differences were
noticed in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes for
rats treated with CCl4 + alcoholic extract of moringa leaves compared to
the positive control (CCl4 only). It means that alcoholic extract of
moringa leaves did not exhibit any protective effect against liver toxicity
induced by CCl4 in rats. Conversely, aqueous extract of moringa leaves
exhibited marked protective effect against liver toxicity induced by
ethanol in rats as indicated by restoring the activities of these enzymes
to their normal values. The therapeutic effect of moringa leaf extract
against acute hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin in rats exhibited
through restoring the levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose to
their normal values after 21 days. No significant (p≤0.05) differences
were noticed among the levels of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid for
all treatments compared to the negative and positive controls. It means
that the liver toxicants did not cause kidney injury during the experiment
period (30 days). Conversely, the activities of serum ALT, AST and
ALP enzymes recorded high levels for the positive controls especially
the rats treated with ANIT compared to the negative control. The
protective effects of both plant extracts against both liver toxicants
occurred by restoring the activities of these enzymes to their normal
values. No significant (p≤0.05) differences were noticed among the
levels of serum total protein for all treatments compared to the negative
and positive controls. Although both of ANIT and CCl4 induced liver
toxicity in the positive controls as indicated by the high levels of liver
enzymes, the levels of total protein did not record any significant
(p≤0.05) differences for the positive controls and all treatments
compared to the negative control during the experiment period (30
days). The rats treated with ANIT exhibited high levels of total and
direct bilirubin (3.35 and 3.00 mg/dl, respectively) after 48h of first dose
only compared to those after 48h of other doses which exhibited in the
normal ranges. This may be due to dilation of bile duct as shown in the
histological examinations. There were no significant (p≤0.05)
differences among the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for all treatments compared to the
controls. It means that both of liver toxicants did not induce heart injury
during the experiment period. On the contrary, the levels of total
cholesterol and triglycerides recorded high values for the positive
controls compared to the negative control. The protective effects of both
plant extracts against both liver toxicants occurred by restoring the
levels of these parameters to their normal values. Histological
examinations of liver tissues showed dilation of bile duct, focal necrosis
and apoptosis of hepatocytes associated with inflammatory cells
infiltration for the positive controls. The protective effects of both plant
extracts against both liver toxicants were noticed by appearance of
normal hepatic lobule with few inflammatory cells infiltration. It was
also noticed appearance of newly formed bile ductuoles by treatment
with rhubarb extract against liver toxicity induced by ANIT.
Keywords:
α-Naphthyl isothiocyanate, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethanol,
Hyperglycemia, Liver toxicity, Moringa, Rhubarb,
Streptozotocin, Turmeric.