الفهرس 
EMBRYOLOGY OF THYROID GLANDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Thyroid Carcinoma is the most common malignant disease of the endocrine system. Exposure to radiation is the most important risk factor for thyroid cancer mostly of the papillary type. Family history and genetic alterations genes are reported in DTC. Thyroid US is the most accurate imaging technique for the detection of thyroid nodules and this procedure is mandatory when a nodule is discovered at palpation. The results of FNAB can be categorized as benign, malignant, indeterminate (suspicious), and nondiagnostic (unsatisfactory). An alternative to FNAB is the mini true cut biopsy. An acceptable staging system in thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system taking in consideration the age of the patient because of the more aggressive behavior of the disease in older ages others stratification. AGES, AMES & MACIS is a very considerable. Unilateral total lobectomy may be an appropriate definitive procedure for patients with minimal thyroid cancers smaller than 1cm, which do not extend beyond the thyroid capsule and are not metastatic or angioinvasive for larger tumor with risk curteria total thyrodectomy is advisable. Most patients with differentiated (papillary or follicular) thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are treated with large activities of radioiodine (131I) after initial surgery to treat microscopic residual post-operative tumor foci and facilitate the early detection of recurrence. Children with MTC and the MEN2 syndromes should be treated at high-volume tertiary centers with multidisciplinary expertise Contemporary approaches for deciding the appropriate age at which surgery should take place incorporate data from ultrasonography and calcitonin measurements in addition to the results of genotyping. To optimize care and to facilitate ongoing research