الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In terms of cost and years of potential lives lost, injury arguably remains the most important public health’ problem.
Injury is a growing public health problem worldwide. Deaths due to injuries account for 10% of the world‘s mortality. More than 90% of the world‘s injury deaths occur in low and middle income countries.
The position and anatomy of the face make it particularly vulnerable to trauma. Because an individual’s self-image and self-esteem are often derived from his or her own facial appearance, injuries and/or mutilations of the facial structures may have a disastrous influence on the affected person
Facial injuries are a common cause for presentation across all ages. Previous studies reported traffic accidents and falls are the main causes of facial injuries, recently many studies have reported a shift in the cause from traffic accidents and falls to assault.
This study had been designed to evaluate some medico-legal aspects of cases of trauma to the face arrived to Menoufia University Hospital throughout one year (from 1-1-2014 to 31-12-2014). As regard demographic data, types, causes and radiological pattern.
• The total patients’ number during the period of the study was 1038 patients.
• The most common age group in injured cases was (30-<50) years old (33.9%) and the least age group involved was (>50) years old (7.9%).
• 67.1% of cases were males with a male to female ratio of (2.04:1).
• The majority of injured cases came from rural areas (60.7%).
• Drivers accounted for 25.2% of facial injured cases.
• 52.6% of facial injured cases had basic education.
• 61.1% of injured cases were due to assault, followed by (35.3%) due to accidents.
• The majority of injuries (68.6%) caused by blunt instrument.
• 44.5% of cases arrived at the afternoon shift.
• Most of injured cases (78.6%) were transported by means other than ambulance.
• Maxillofacial area was the most frequent site. 14.6 % of cases have isolated injury and the second frequent site of injuries in face is mandible represented 11.6% of cases.
• Highest frequent mixed site of injuries to face involving nose, forehead and mouth (11.8 %).
• Most prevalent external soft tissue injury was abrasions shown in 29.1% of cases.
• 89% of cases had associated injuries and the most common was limb injuries.
• 62% of studied cases received non-surgical treatment.
• 60.1% of the injured cases stayed in the hospital for 1 day.
• 68% of injured cases improved and 17.5% suffered from complications (e.g. scar (7.9%), facial deformity (7.7%) and infection (1.9%). 6.2% of injured cases suffered from impaired function and 4.4% of cases suffered from loss of function while 3.9% of injured cases died.
• The relation between gender of studied cases and type of injury was statistically highly significant where p value <0.001. As regarding to abrasions alone or contusions alone were predominant in femals than males while other types of injuries were predominant in males than females.
• The relation of circumstances of injury and age groups of studied cases was statistically highly significant as the p value <0.001.
- Concerning to age group (<7years), (59.7%) were accidental injuries and (40.3%) due to assault.
- Concerning to other age groups, injuries due to assault were more frequent
• Concerning to isolated eye injuries, 83.3% of cases were accidental, 16.7% of injured cases were due to assault. The relation was statistically highly significant where x2=73.5 and the p value <0.001.
• Regarding isolated nasal trauma, 81.8% of cases were due to assault and 15.5% of cases were accidental injuries. The relation was highly significant where x2=22.4 and p value <0.001.
• The relation between mixed forehead injuries and circumstances of injuries was highly significant as x2=34.3 and the p value <0.001. Mixed forehead injuries with nose and mouth, 65.6% accidental, 32.0% due to assault and 2.4% self- inflected injuries.
• 73.4% of improved cases were due to assault, 24.4% accidentally injured and 2.3% self-inflected. The relation between the circumstances of injury and outcome was statistically highly significant where x2=140.6 and the p value <0.001.
• 62.6% of cases developed complication were accidentally injured, (28.6%) due to assault and the least (8.8%) self-inflected. The relation was statistically highly significant where x2=100.9 and the p value <0.001.
• Regarding isolated eye injuries, 77.8% of injured cases developed permanent loss of vision and 16.6% of cases developed impaired vision. The relation between the site of injury and outcome was statistically highly significant where x2=469 and the p value <0.001.
• Pan facial traumas had a high mortality rate as 74.4% of cases died, 20.9% developed complications and 4.7% developed loss of function. The relation was statistically highly significant where x2=614 and the p value <0.001.
Conclusion:
Facial injury is fairly common in assault related events affecting especially men in adulthood who are more prone to become involve in outdoor activity and aggression.
Maxillofacial area was the most frequent site involved in face injuries followed by mandible due to there prominent position.
Ocular trauma is a leading cause of visual loss and pan facial trauma had a high morbidity and mortality rate.
Physical injuries were the most prominent cause of death in facial trauma cases.