الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was conducted to study the effect of low Caloric and Sodium Diets by Using Mackerel Fish, Arabic Gum and Flax Seeds on the nutritional values, weights, percent of liver & kidney weights / body weights, serum glucose, leptin hormone, lipid fraction, liver functions and kidney functions, of obese rats. Sixty male albino rats (Sprague Dawley Strain) were divided into two main groups. The first main group (6 rats) fed on basal diet containing 14% protein was considered negative control group. The second main group (54 rats) fed on high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obesity. Obese rats were randomly assigned to nine equal subgroups: The first subgroup fed on HFD as positive control group, Subgroups (2 and 3) fed on high fat low sodium diet containing mackerel fish which provided the diets with 14% and 22% protein, respectively. Subgroup (4 and 5) fed on high fat low sodium diet containing 5% and 10% Arabic gum, respectively. Subgroup (6 and 7) Six rats fed on high fat low sodium diet containing 5% and 10% flaxseeds. Subgroup (8 and 9) fed on high fat low sodium diet containing [(mackerel fish which will be provided the diet with 14% protein + 5% Arabic gum + 5% flaxseeds) and (mackerel fish which provided the diet with 22% protein + 19% Arabic gum + 10% flaxseeds)], respectively. Treating obese rats with high protein diet from mackerel fish, Arabic gum, flaxseeds and their combination improved the mean value of feed intake and ”decrease body weight gain % and the percent of liver and kidney weights / body weights”, as compared to the obese group (control positive group). All lipid fractions (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and VLDL-c), kidney functions (uric acid, urea nitrogen and creatinine) and liver enzymes (aspartate amino transferase AST, alanine amino transferase ALT and alkaline phosphatase ALP), glucose and leptin hormone decreased significantly p<0.05 in all tested groups, while HDL-c increased, as compared to the positive control group. High levels and low levels from the mixture of tested materials recorded the best effects on serum parameters, comparing with other treated groups. Key words: mackerel fish, flaxseeds, gum Arabic, high fat diet, rats, lipid profile, kidney functions, liver enzymes, glucose, leptin hormone and weight loss.