الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease, irrespective of diagnosis, are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure. Both ‘‘traditional’’ and ‘‘chronic kidney disease related (nontraditional)’’ cardiovascular disease risk factors may contribute to this increased risk. All patients with chronic kidney disease should be considered in the ‘‘highest risk’’ group for cardiovascular disease, irrespective of levels of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis (the so called MIA syndrome) have been proposed as one of the main causes of mortality in end stage renal disease patients. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), considered to be a marker of inflammation, is a powerful risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and peripheral atherosclerosis.
Chronic fluid overload (FO) is frequently present in hemodialysis patients (HD) and is associated with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, which are important predictors of death in dialysis patients. These complexities have led to the search for biomarkers and noninvasive diagnostic tools with compelling sensitivity and specificity for effectively identifying the risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients, those who are at risk for untoward outcomes, and reliably guiding treatment. Among different markers that have been suggested as cardiovascular risk are serum levels of albumin, serum CRP, assessment of CIMT, assessment of the cardiac condition and assessment of fluid overload using the multifrequency bioelectrical impedence
In the present, study we evaluated the relationship between body composition, assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis technique, and nutritional, inflammatory and cardiovascular (CV) risk markers.
The present study included 30 ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis in dialysis units of the Main Alexandria University Hospitals. An informed consent was takeb from the patients before conducting the study. Fifty percent were males. Patients with hypotension, known chronic inflammatory disease including systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and vasculitis, malignancy, liver cirrhosis, gastrointestinal diseases, history of a systemic infection within one month before entry into the study and patients with catheters as vascular access were excluded.
Data including name, age, sex, past medical history, and data obtained from clinical examination were recorded at enrollment Laboratory investigations included lipid profile, serum albumin and C-reactive protein.
To detect atherosclerosis, the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) was assessed by using a high-resolution color Doppler ultrasound unit. After visualizing the double echogenic line of the arterial wall, the CIMT was measured including the inner echogenic line representing the lumen–intima interface and the adjacent hypoechoic and excluding the outer echogenic line, which represents the media–adventitia interface.