الفهرس 
Introduction
Behavioral patterns of pigeonsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I- Effect of feed additives on pigeon behavior:-
1- Behavioral satiety sequence (BSS) of pigeon
a- Feeding, drinking behavior and water to feed intake ratio
There was a non-significant difference among all treatment groups and control group.
b- Preening and sleeping behavior
Fenugreek seeds and premix treatment lead to significant increase in preening and sleeping behavior
2- Aggressive; maternal behavior and Movement activity
Pigeon fed diet contain Moringa olifera, fenugreek seeds; premix, yeast and had a non-significance difference in aggressive behavior (wing Flick, wing Fend and fluffing); movement activity (Walk, running, standing and sitting) and maternal behavior (male siting on egg; male visiting numbers and female siting on egg)
3- Comfort behavior and sexual activity (courtishpe behavior)
Fenugreek seed had a siginificant increase in comfort behavior (leg and wing stretching, and preening); Male sexual activity (Head bowing, circle walking, driving, mounting and tail drag) and Female sexual activity (Begging, billing, nibbling, squatting and soliciting).While, all treatment group had non significant effect on comfort behavior (foot and ground pecking)
II- Effect of feed additives on pigeon productive and reproductive performance:-
1) Productive performance
a) Feed intake and body weights:-
A significant increase in over all feed intake in case of Moringa oleifera and fenugreek seed while, there was a significant increase in body weight in case of fungreek seed and yeast group.
b) Body weight gain and feed conversion ratios
A non significant difference between treatment groups and control.
2) Reproductive performance
a- Egg number, egg weight, cycle, incubation period, fertility and hachability
All feed additives had a significant increase in egg numbers.in contrast it’s had a significant decrease in egg cycle while non sifnificant effect in egg weight. Moreover, the fenugreek seed and premix group had had a significant increase in fertility and hatchability %.While; fungreek seed had a significant decrease in incubation period.
b- Net return and economic efficiency:-
All feed additives had an increase effect on its.
III- Effect of feed additives on pigeon meat quality:-
a) Carcass traits:-
All feed additives had a significant increase in ovary weight. on other hand, fenugreek seed and Moringa olifera lead to significant increase in tests weight.
a) Microbial Count (Total aerobic count)
Moringa olifera and fenugreek seed had a significant dercerase in small intestine total aerobic count.
III- Effect of feed additives on pigeon blood parameters:-
1) Heamatological paramaters
There was a significance increase male total leukocyte count; male PCV; male neutrophils and female neutrophils in (Moringa olifera, fenugreeks seed), (fenugreeks seed) (all feed additives); (Moringa oleifera and premix).While, there was a significant decrease in male hemoglobin percentage, male lymphocyte and monocytes percentage, in case of moringea olifera and (Moringa olifera, fenugreeks seed)
2) Chemical parameters of serum:
There were a significance increase in (serum total proteins and globulin), glucose, calcium, prolactin level and total antioxidant in case of (Moringa oleifera and fenugreek seed), (Moringa olifera ,yeast and premix) , yeast ,(all feed additives) and ( Moringa oleifera, fenugreek seed and premix).While, a significance decrease in cholesterol and glucose in (Moringa olifera and fenugreek seeds) and (fenugreek seeds).