الفهرس 
Materials and MethodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Concern continues about exposure to radio-frequency (RF) fields from sources used for mobile
telecommunications, radars, radio and television broadcast, medical and industrial applications.
Much of the concern arises because new technologies are introduced without provision of public
information about their nature and their possible health consequences.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of
electromagnetic field on chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index and on the electrophoretic
pattern of proteins in liver and brain tissues. In addition, to evaluate the anticlastogenic effect
of garlic (Tomex) in the irradiated rats group.
In the present study eighty five female rats weighting 80-100 gm
were used. The rats were divided into four groups twenty rats each, in addition to the control
group with five rats.
The first groups were exposed to microwave radiation with 9875
MHz for 30, 45 and 60 days then 5 rats were left for 30 days away from the exposure source as a
recovery group.
The second groups were treated like the first groups in addition to the daily administration of 0.1
ml Tom ex during the exposure.
The third group were exposed to mobile phone radiation with 900
MHz for 14, 30 and 45 days, while 5 rats were kept away from the radiation source for 30 days as
recovery group.
Also the fourth groups were exposed to the same circumstances as the third groups with the daily
administration ofTomex.
First: The effect of the electromagnetic field on chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells of
rats which were exposed at different time intervals.
Structural aberration:
The highest percentage of chromosomal abnormalities observed in the irradiated rats was deletions
and gaps while the chromatid breaks, centric fusion, centromeric attenuation, and ring were the
lowest value of aberrations, appeared.
There was a decline in the rate of mitotic index in rats exposed to
microwave and mobile phone radiation. Tomex exerted antimutagenic potential against the effect of
the radiation, it reduced the total chromosomal aberrations and elevated the mitotic index.
• The exposure of rats to microwave or mobile phone radiation lead to a significant increase in
the chromosomal aberrations and this increase was time dependant. After 30 days of post exposure
the aberrations were reduced in the recovery group.
• chromosomal aberrations were decreased 111 groups exposed to microwave or mobile phone
radiation with the daily administration of Tomex in comparison to the exposed groups
onl;’.
• chromosomal aberrations in recovery groups, which were kept away ll·om the radiation source for
30 days after exposure and were daily administrated with Tomex, were significantly decreased,
specially the (mobile phone & Tomex) group.
Second: The effect of electromagnetic field on the protcinogram of liver and brain tissues.
1- Microwave radiation groups:
• The number of protein bands in liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation was increased in all
irradiated groups at all intervals comparing to the control. While in the recovery group, the
number of the bands was decreased in comparison with the irradiated groups but still higher than
the control.
• In liver of rats exposed to miCrowave radiation during the administration of To’mex, protein
fractions of 86, 26 kDa appeared in the control and the recovery groups but disappeared at all the
exposed groups. In contrast the fraction of 25 kDa appeared in all exposed groups but disappeared
in the control and the recovery groups. In comparison with till: groups exposed to microwave
radiation only, there was a decline in the number of protein bands in all exposed groups under the
effect of Tomex.
• The analysis of proteins in brain or rats exposed to m1crowave radiation showed a noticeable
increase in the number of bands after 30 days of exposure while the number was decreased in the
recovery group. The protein fraction of 26 kDa appeared after 30 days of exposure and remained
stable to the recovery group.
• By the effect of Tomex, the fractions of 155, 67, and 50 kDa were expressed in microwave & Tomex
groups at all time intervals but down regulated in the control and the recovery group. On the
contrary protein fraction of 30 kDa that expressed in both control and recovery groups was down
regulated in the brain of the exposed animals.
2- Mobile phone groups:
• Proteins bands of liver in rats exposed to mobile phone radiation were increased in all exposure
time comparing to the control. The protein fraction of l’viW 86 kDa resists the mobile phone
radiation, since it was recorded in control, recovery and irradiated animals. In addition, the
protein fractions of70, 36, 33,25 and 20 kDa appeared as new bands in all exposed groups, but
disappeared in the recovery group.
• The data showed that in liver of rats exposed to mobile phone radiation during the administration
ofTomex, the I 04, 55 kDa proteins
appeared in all exposed groups and disappeared in the control and the recovery group. Also the
polypeptide bands with molecular weight 34, 32 and 23 kDa were recorded in the control, recovery
and all treated groups as essential proteins.
• The present study showed a noticeable increased number of protein bands in brain of rats after
exposure to mobile phone radiation at all time intervals, while the recovery group was decreased
comparing to the control. Both of the two proteins 37 and 25 kDa appeared in the control and the
recovery group but down-regulated in all exposed groups. On the contrary, protein fraction of 77.5
kDa was expressed only in the brain of exposed rats.
• Proteins of Ill kDa and from 50 to 55 kDa were clearly observed in brain of rats exposed to
mobile phone radiation during administration ofTomex, but did not expressed in control and recovery
groups. Other protein fractions were expressed in the exposed animals but also persisted in the
recovery group as 58, 46 and 34 kDa.
The results showed that the rate of appearance and disappearance of some
bands was clear in rats exposed to electromagnetic field, and caused inhibition of some fractions,
which retlect the genetic damage due to exposure to radiation.
In conclusion, the use of electric cquipments must be in a limited scope also precautions in using
mobile phones should be done by using hands-free sets and the antenna of the phone should not be in
contact with the user. Also it is increasingly clear that garlic is most likely a powerful
anticancer agent and inclusion of garlic in the diet should be considered to be mandatory to
maintain good health.