الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study 13 isolates of proteus were isolated from patients in urology department, Assiut university hospitals. Fourteen antibiotic discs namely; Ampiciilin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Ceftizidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefpodoxime. Aztrenoneum, Cefoxitin, Imipenem. Cephalothin, Piperacillin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime and Cloxacillin were tested against proteus isolates and a high degree of antibiotic resistance was observed leaving few therapeutic options as imipenem. Detection of ESBL production in the isolated proteus was performed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. The phenotypic methods were ESBL disc screening and two confirmatory tests: double disk synery test and modified double disk synergy test. Nine samples were detected to be ESBL producer by screening test, double disk synergy test was capable of detecting ESBL in 2 samples and modified double disk synergy test was capable of detecting ESBL in 5 samples out of 9 ESBL producing strains detected by screening test. All proteus isolates were screened for the presence of genes encoding TEM and CTX-M-2 beta-lactamases by PCR. PCR analysis showed that 10 isolates had positive TEM gene and one isolate had positive CTX-M-2.