الفهرس 
Hemodynamics and Hemodynamic MonitoringOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intensive Care Medicine is concerned with the provision of life support and body systems support in patients who require intensive monitoring as they are critically ill specially those whose condition is potentially reversible and with a good chance of survival with intensive care support of underlying condition that can be overcome. The goal of HD monitoring is to maintain adequate tissue perfusion. In critically ill patients as hypoxia and ischemia of vital organs can lead to multiple organ systems dysfunction and death. Classical HD is based on the invasive methods. The hemodynamic status of the critically ill patient is often monitored using clinical signs (e.g. capillary refill and urine output) and measurements of blood pressure and central venous pressure. Clinical signs however, are often unreliable predictors of the condition alone. The esophageal Doppler monitoring provides noninvasive technique for monitoring. Its advantages include ease of use and absence of complications that can be associated with other more invasive methods of monitoring with continuous monitoring of the effects of fluid and inotropic therapy to be observed immediately with advantage of optimal titration of therapy. The CardioQ-ODM® is designed to allow intensivists to guide fluid and drug administration during Critical Care and tracking changes in SV and CO during intervention especially in shocked patients. High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation is frequently used alternative to P-CMV. This mode of ventilation is used to encourage recruitment of atelectatic alveoli. However, the clinical effects of HFOV on hemodynamic.