الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Emergencies in ENT practice had a wide spectrum. Among the emergency care provided, there was a predominance of ENT foreign bodies, epistaxis, airway obstruction, trauma, posttonsillectomy&postadeniodectomy bleeding, septal abscess and choanal atresia.
Foreign bodies represented a large category among ENT emergency. Foreign bodies included foreign bodies swallowing, foreign bodiesinhalation, ear foreign bodies and nasal foreign bodies. Foreign bodies were commonly occurred in children. Swallowed foreign bodies were mostly removed endoscopically, inhaled foreign bodies were removed bronchoscopically, but ear and nose foreign bodies were mostly removed in office.
Airway obstruction was a challenging problem. The main causes of air way obstruction are malignancy ”pharyngeal &laryngeal malignancies and post-irradiated cancer larynx”, trauma, bilateral vocal cord paralysis, coma, dye poisioning, ludwig′s angina and retropharyngeal abscess. Airway obstruction was treated either conservatively or surgically to bypass the obstruction in the form of tracheostomy.
Trauma in ENT includes nasal trauma” fracture nasal bone &septalhaematoma”, palatal &tonsillar trauma and auricular haematoma. It was commonly occurred in adults. It was mostly treated surgically in form of reduction & fixation of nasal bone fracture, incision and drainage of septal& auricular haematoma and surgical repair of palatal &tonsillartrauma.
Bleeding in ENT represented a large category among ENT emergencies. ENT bleeding included epistaxis and posttonsillectomy bleeding.
Posttonsillectomy bleeding was occurred mostly in children. It was mostly treated conservatively, surgical intervention was needed in case of failure of conservative treatment.
Epistaxis was more common in adults and old age patients. It was commonly unilateral. Epistaxis was idiopathic in most cases, other causes of epistaxis included hypertension, cardiac, renal & hepatic diseases, fever, rhinitis, trauma, bleeding polyp, deviated septum, nasal foreign bodies and neoplastic lesions. Epistaxis was treated either by medical treatment, cauterization, packing, surgical treatment or combined treatment was needed in some cases.
Septal abscess also presented in ENT emergency. It occurred in all ages. It was treated surgically by incision and drainage, antibiotics and frequent follow up was important postoperatively.
Bilateral choanal atresia was presented in neonates. It was treated surgically by transnasal canalization under sinuscopic guide under general anesthesia.
Conclusion
ENT emergencies included foreign bodies ”swallowed, inhaled, ear and nose foreign bodies”, epistaxis, airway obstruction, posttonsillectomy bleeding, septal abscess, choanal atresia, auricular haematoma, palatal trauma and tonsillar trauma.
Swallowed foreign bodies were the commonest among ENT foreign bodies.
Coins were the commonest swallowed foreign bodies and they more in children.
Ear and Nose foreign bodies were more common in children.
Inhaled foreign bodies represented by small percent. Children were more affected.
Airway obstruction occurred commonly in old age. Laryngeal malignancies were the commonest cause.
Trauma in ENT included nasal trauma, auricular haematoma, palatal and tonsillar trauma. It occurred commonly in adults.
Nasal trauma included fracture nasal bone and septalhaematoma.
Bleeding in ENT included epistaxis and posttonsillectomy bleeding.
Posttonsillectomy bleeding was more common in children. Epistaxis more commonly occurred in adults and old age. It was idiopathic in most cases and it was mainly unilateral. Septal abscess occurred in all ages. Bilateral choanal atresia discovered in the first days of life.