الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study included forty patients with unstable treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning treated during the period between January 2010 and December 2014 at Mansoura Emergency Hospital.The patients ages ranged from twenty to sixty years, with an average of forty years. The highest incidence was between 20-40 years .There were fifteen males and twenty five females with a ratio of 1:1.6. The right side was affected in twenty eight patients and left side was affected in twelve patients with a ratio of 2.3:1.Twenty six patients gave a history of fall on the outstretched hand and fourteen patients were injured in traffic accidents. Four patients had open fractures while thirty six patients had closed type.Twenty five patients were treated by closed reduction and pinning under general anaesthesia while fifteen patients had regional anaesthesia . All patients treated using Kirschner wires and below elbow cast was applied. The average period of immobilization was eight weeks. The average follow up period was 12 months with a range of six to eighteen months. Radiological end results were evaluated according to Lidstrom criteria which depend on volar tilt angle, radial deviation angle and radial length. The final radiological end results were excellent in sixteen patients (40%), good in thirteen patients (32.5%), fair in eight patients (20%) and poor in three patients(7.5%).Functional end results were evaluated according to Demerit point system described by Gartland and Werley, and the final results were satisfactory in thirty patients (75%) and un- satisfactory in ten patients(25%).The final functional results were affected by many factors like: Age,Type of fracture, Follow up period, Radiological end results &The used technique on the results. Complications occurred during this thesis were: Skin irritation Pin migration in one patient, Suddeck’s atrophy in two patients & Instability of the inferior radio-ulnar joint in one patient.