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Abstract Purpose: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most frequent infection in patients with cirrhosis causing significant mortality which requires rapid recognition for effective antibiotic therapy, whereas ascitic fluid cultures are frequently negative. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) measured in ascitic fluid for diagnosis of SBP and to assess the usefulness of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) in ascitic fluid as a prognostic marker after antibiotic therapy in SBP. Material/methods: Fifty patients with chronic liver disease and ascites were included into this study and were divided into two groups. group 1 (25 patients): SBP patients proved on clinical signs and cell count (>250 cells/mm3) and group 2 (25 patients): control group patients with ascites but no SPB. Ascitic MIP-1β was measured in both group then measured in group 1 after 3 days of antibiotic therapy. Results: MIP-1b in the ascitic fluid was significantly higher in patients with SBP (Mean = 348 pg/ml vs. Mean = 47 pg/ml in patients without SBP). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of SBP with ascitic MIP-1b were 96% and 88%, respectively (cut-off value 59 pg/ml) with AUROC 0.987 . The mean level of MIP-1β in cases group before antibiotic therapy was 384.28 pg/ml while after antibiotic therapy, it was 176.76 pg/ml with a highly significant statistical difference (P value > 0.001). Conclusions: MIP-1β concentration in ascitic fluid may distinguish patients with and without SBP and may play a prognostic role in follow up of cases of SBP after antibiotic therapy. |