الفهرس 
1- IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is a pathological condition in which excess body fat accumulated, leading adverse effects on health and life expectancy. It is a chronic disorder with complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. It characterized by high cholesterol, fatty acid levels; imbalance in metabolic energy; insulin desensitization;lethargy, gallstones; high blood pressure; shortness of breath; emotional and social problems; and excessive adipose mass accumulation with hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Pathological obesity is associated with several secondary commodities like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, cancer and osteoarthritis.It is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. Evidence to support this view is that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to slow metabolic rate. The primary treatment for obesity are dieting and physical exercise. To supplement this, or in case of failure, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, surgery is performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food. This study aims to examine the effect of Orlistat, (Orlistat,Morus alba L),( Orlistst,Cuminumcyminum)( Orlistat ,linumusitatissimum)formulae& their blend for treatment of rats obesity. Forty twoadult male albino rats, weighing 150-160g were divided into seven groups each with five rats. One of them was Negative Control group which fed on standard diet and tab water, and the other group was fed on basal diet + on 20% from basal diet by sheep tail fat for three weeks to induce obesity. This group was divided into 6 groups to feed on the experimental diets for (4) weeks according to the following: group (2):Positive control group (untreated group) group (3): Treated with (5mg/100g) Orlistat. group (4): Treated with (5mg/100g)Orlistat and 5% Mulberry leaver. group (5): Treated with (5mg/100g)Orlistat and 5% Cumin seeds. group (6): Treated with (5mg/100g) Orlistat and 5% Flaxseed. group (7): Treated with {(5mg/100g)Orlistat +5% (Mulberry leaver + Cumin seeds +Flaxseed)}. At the end of experiment (4 weeks), the blood samples were collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for determination of: Lipid profile :Total Cholesterol, tri- glycerides (T.G), high density lipoprotein (H.D.L-C), low density lipo-protein (L.D.L-C), very low density lipo-protein (V.L.D.L-C), Atherogeric index, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase (G.O.T), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (G.P.T), and alkaline phosphatase(A.L.P),GOT\GPT ratioandglucose . At the same time, the organs: Aorta , kidney and lungs were removed, washed in saline solution, dried by filter paper, weighted, and stored frozen in formalin solution 10% for histopathological examinations. Statistical analysis:- The data were statistically analyzed using a computerized costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as mean± SD. Differences between treatments at (P ≥ 0.05) were considered significant. The obtained results can be summarized as following: Firstly: The Biological Results. Effect of experimental diets on BWG%, F.I, and F.E.R: The mean value of BWG of control (-) was lower than control (+) group, being 1.14± 0.20 and 5.25±0.20,respectively. All obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significantly differences when compared with control (+) group. The best results were obtained from group (4) obese rats fed on {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + Flax Seed 5%}. The mean value of (FI)of control (-) was lower than control (+) group , being 12.80± 0.20 and 18.00 ± 2.00 respectively , showing significant differences, with percent of decrease -28.89. Numerically, the best serum FI was recorded for group (3) obese rats fed on{Orlistat(5mg /100g)}. The mean value of FER of control (-) was lower than control (+) group, being 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.29 ± 0.10 respectively , showing significant differences, the percent of decrease -72.41 . The best FER was recorded for groups (3and 7) obese rats fed on (Orlistat 5mg/100g ) and {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + (Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}, respectively. Effect of experimental diets on the weight of internal organs: The mean value of relative liver weight of control (-) was lower than control (+) group , being 3.52 ± 0.19 and 6.88 ± 0.24 respectively , showing significant differences, withpercent of decrease -48.84. All obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significant differences when compared with control (+) group. The best Liver was documented for group (7) obese rats fed on {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + (Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}. The mean value of relative heart weight of control (-) was lower than control (+) group. All obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significant differences when compared with control (+) group.It was found that the best relative heart weight was recorded for group (5) obese rats fed on {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + Cumin Seed (5 %)}. The mean value of relative lungs weight of control (-) lower than control (+) group, being 0.80 ± 0.10 and 1.70 ± 0.10 respectively. All obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significant differences when compared with control (+) group. Lungs of superior relative weightswere recorded for group (7) obese rats fed on {Orlistat (5mg /100g) +(Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}. The mean value of relative spleen weight of control (-) was lower when compared with control (+) group, being 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.70 ± 0.02, respectively. All obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significant differences when compared with control (+) group. group (6) obese rats fed on {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + Flaxseeds (5 %)} have achieved the best results for spleen weight. Similar effect was observed for {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + Flaxseeds (5 %)} on relative weight of kidney. Effect of experimental diets on glucose: Regarding blood glucoselevels, all obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significantly lower values when compared with control (+) group. Group(7) obese rats fed on Mixture {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + (Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)} have achieved the best results of serum glucose. Effect of experimental diets on serum lipids: As for serum lipid profile, the results revealed that all obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significantly differences when compared with control (+) group. The unsurpassed serum total cholesterol(T.C), triglycerides (T.G),high density lipo-protein (HDL), low density lipo-protein (LDL),very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and(VLDL+LDL\HDL ratio) values were recorded for group (7) obese rats fed on Mixture{Orlistat (5mg /100g ) +( Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}. Effect of experimental diets on Liver functions: Similarly,on the subject of liver functions, the paramount outcomes for GOT, GPT, ALP, and GOT/GPT ratio were values were recorded for group (7) obese rats fed on mixture{Orlistat (5mg /100g) +(Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}. Effect of experimental diets on Kidney functions: As for Urea and Uric Acid all obese rats fed on Orlistat and some plant parts showed significant of lower when compared with control (+) group. Numerically, the best serum urea was recorded for group(7) obese rats fed on Mixture {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + (Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}. Regarding the results of Creatinine, the mean value of creatinine of control (-) was lower than control (+) group , being 0.2.00 ± 0.30 and 1.20 ± 0.00 respectively , showing significant differences, with percent of decrease -83.33 . Numerically the best serum creatinine was recorded for group (6) obese rats fed on (Orlistat 5mg/100mg + Flax seed 5% ) and group(7) obese rats fed on Mixture {Orlistat (5mg /100g) + (Mulberry leaves + Cumin Seed + Flaxseeds (5 %)}.