الفهرس 
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Abstract
The efficacy of three combined inactivated vaccines with different adjuvants was studied using ISA 70VG, ISA 71 and Paraffin based vaccines in both broiler and layer birds with different vaccination procedures. In the broiler study , the three used vaccines were injected subcutaneously in three separate groups (35 birds each) at 7 day old compared to other three separate groups with the same treatments in addition to priming at day old using lives vaccines against ND (Hitchner B1) and IB (H120+D274) IB primer® through intraocular route. Additional group was kept without treatment as control negative while one more group vaccinated only with the live vaccines at day old. ELISA testing for IB and HI for IB and ND were carried out on sera collected from all experimental groups, in addition to rRT-PCR and challenge of experimental birds using field strain of IBV (IS/1494/06 variant II). Results indicated that the overall protection afforded in groups primed with live vaccines was globally higher than that obtained by inactivated vaccines only as investigated by ELISA, HI, rRT-PCR and challenge test under conditions of our experiment, in addition the best protection obtained in groups vaccinated with ISA 71 based vaccines, followed by ISA 70VG based vaccine and then by the third paraffin based vaccine.