الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary SummarySummary
Introduction:
The word osteoporosis literally means”porous bones.” It occurs when bones lose an excessive amount of their protein and mineral content, particularly calcium. Overtime, bonemass, and there for bone strength, is decreased. As a result, bones become fragile and break easily.Even a sneeze or a sudden movement may be enough to break a bone in someone with severe osteoporosis. Although all bones can be affected by the disease, the bones of the spine, hip, and wrist are most likely to break. Hip fractures can be particularly dangerous because the prolonged immobility required during the healing process can lead to blood clots or pneumonia, both of which can have fatal consequences.
The burden of osteoporosis 200 million affected a worldwide and 44 million united state women and men age >50 years and cost 2012 ($19billion) 2025($25billion). The burden of fractures secondary to osteoporosis are an important cause of mortality and morbidity Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050. One in every three women and one in every 12 men is suffering from osteoporosis.
Aim of the Study
The aims of the study to assess the osteoporosis risk factors among female university students through:-
- Identify risk factors of female university students regarding osteoporosis.
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- Assessing knowledge of female university students regarding osteoporosis.
- Assessing reported practices of female university students regarding osteoporosis.
Study question:
- Are there relation between the socio demographic characteristics of female university students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and their knowledge?
- Are there relation between socio demographic characteristics of female university students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and their practice?
- Are there relation between knowledge female university students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and their practice?
Subjects and Methods
Research Design:
Descriptive design was used.
Setting:
The study was conducted at College of Education and Science for Girls Department of literary in Ain Shams University. Containing the College of Education and Science for Girls on the three sections as sectional educational, scientific department’s and Humanities departments. Humanities is divided section of the literary into eight sections and has been chosen college history, divided into four teams and was the total number of students in 2000 were selected 400 students for the work of the study.The Faculty
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was selected because it for female only, and the disease is most common in females more than males.
Subjects:
Sample Type:
Purposive sample of 400 female students were selection according to the fowllowing criteria.
Sample Technique:
The techniques of selection was carried out as follows, the sample was selected from the College of Education and Science for Girls Department of literary (theoretical section) Ain Shams University and the total number of students were 2000 While, were chosen 400 students for the work study. Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age between 18 – 21
2. Not previously diagnosed with osteoporosis
Size:
The study sample was included 400 femals university students from pre-mentioned setting.
Tools ofdata collection:
An Interview Questionnaire Sheet: It consists of seven parts for data collection from the femals univeresty students. It was developed and modified by investigator to assess the following:
Part (I) Identifying the socio demographic characteristics data of female university students.
It was developed by investigator based on literature review and expert opinions to assess :
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The demographic data for the female university students. It consists of 11 questions. 1 open questions such as age and 10 closed ended questions such as the personal data As, marital status, income, sources of medical information and socioeconomic ….etc.
Part(II) Medical health history for the female university students. It consists of 13 questions such as history of diabetes mellitus, rheumatic disease, thyroid, kidney disease, multiple fractures and cancer ….etc.
Part (III) Assessment of obstetric health history of female university students. It consists of 6 questions of pregnancy for married students, type of labor, parity use of types of contraceptive methods.
Part (IV) Family history of female university students. It developed by the investigator based on literature review and expert opinions. It consists of 11 questions to assess, past and present history
Part (V) Knowledge of female university students.It consists of 17 questions to assess, general knowledge-risk factors- caeuses- preventive habits or behaviors of osteoporosis.
Part (VI) Practices of female university students regarding osteoporosis risk factors. It developed by the investigator based on literature review and expert opinions. It consists of 3 questions to assess, daily practice, nutritional status, physical status.
Part (VII) Physical assessment of female university students regarding osteoporosis risk factors. To measure Height, weight and body mass index.
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Results:
The present study revealed that the age of female university students with ranged between 20 < 21. Also the present study revealed that 71.5% of them were from rural area.
The present study showed that the number of study sample with medical history regarding to the risk factors of osteoporosis represented 53.5% suffered from medical disease.
The present study showed that 14.9% suffered from a regular menstruation.
The present study showed that 69.5% of the study samples their knowledge about the bone components are salts. Meanwhile. 48.0% of the study sample that know the meaning of osteoporosis is loss of bone mass.
The present study showed that 43.5% their knowledge about why called silent disease because there was a lack of bone density without symptoms.
The present study showed that, 71.0% of study sample that know about the causes of osteoporosis was calcium deficiency
The present study showed that 50.5% of the study sample knowledge regarding the purpose of the treatment of osteoporosis was stopping the progression of the disease.
The present study showed that 80.5% of the study sample had unsatisfactory score levels of total knowledge regarding to osteoporosis.
Represents 60.0% of the study sample sometimes had lack calcium intake.
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The present study showed that 70% of the study sample had poor score levels of total practice.
The present study showed that, 72 %. Of the study sample is normal B.M.I.
There was statistically significant relations between the study sample total knowledge and educational level of her mother at P <0.05.
There were no statistically significant relations between the total knowledge and the other socio demographic characteristics at P >0.05.
There was no statistically significant relations between total knowledge level and total practice level of the study sample at P >0.05.
Conclusion
In conclusion the present study revealed that the majority of the study sample had score levels were poor regarding practices relating to risk factors and there were no statistically significant relations between the total knowledge and socio demographic characteristics, that there were statistically significant relations between the study sample total knowledge and educational level of her mother and there were no statistically significant relations between the total practice and socio demographic characteristic and there were no statistically significant relations between total knowledge level and total practice level of the study sample.
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Recommendations
The following recommendations are based on the study findings:
Our findings suggest that intervention programs to increase healthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescent girls should include the following components:
1. Involvement of family members, particularly parents, for increased social support for engaging in these behaviors to avoid risk factors of osteoporosis.
2. Studies should be done for those females university students who high risk for osteoporosis and apply the preventive measures.
3. Importance of doning separate studies of osteoporosis in females and will helpfully lead to more effective and preventive based strategies in the future.
4. Early detection of osteoporosis risk factors and predict fracture by measuring BMD.
5. Nurses must actively participat in orientation health program promotion program, conference in order to discuss femeles condition and recognize the view issues related to management of females with risk factors of osteoprosis