الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of the study is to evaluate self-care practices among preparatory school age Children with type 1 diabetes in urban area through:
1-Assess sociodemographic data to diabetic children and their mothers.
2-Assess children and their mothers’ knowledge about T 1 D.
3-Evaluate self-care practices of diabetic students.
To fulfil the aim of the present study the following research questions were formulated:
1-What are self-care practices among preparatory school children with Type one diabetes?
2- Are there relation between health problems of preparatory school students their sociodemographic characteristics?
A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized for data collection. The study was conducted in Insurance outpatient clinics at El Fayoum city and Nasser city. A convenient sample of 180 male and female students attending the outpatient clinics and agreed to participate in the study within a period of 6 months started from beginning of April 2015 to the end of September 2015 two days per week.
Interviewing questionnaire tool was formulated to collect data pertinent to the study. This tool was constructed by the researcher, this tool include three parts
I. Part one consists of 7 questions to describe the socio-demographic of the students and their parents (appendix A).
II. Part two constituted 14 questions designed to assess children and their mothers knowledge regarding T1D that covering the following: definition of T1D, ranges of blood sugar, causes of diabetes, signs and symptoms of diabetes, complication of diabetes Diabetic coma and types of insulin and insulin complications (appendix B).
III. Part threeIt was designed to assess self-care practices among preparatory school age with type 1 diabetes; it consists of 28 items covering 7 areas which are: Physical examination, Nutritional habits, Practicing Exercises, Practicing personal hygiene, Self-care practice for insulin Injection, Self-care practice for investigations, Health problems, (Appendix C).
Collection of Data of the current study have lasted after six months; through which the investigator visited outpatient clinics on daily basis in the morning shift, then, the investigator collected the socio-demographic data (appendix A) of the students and their parents. In addition to assessment of students’ and their mothers’ knowledge utilizing the Interviewing questionnaire (appendix B) which were distributed to the students during their attendance to the clinics to be completed in the presence of the researcher to clarify and answer any questions. As regards to self-care practices (appendix C) were fulfilled by the researcher by direct observation for each student. After collecting the data it was coded, and analysed then tabulated under the direction of statistician to obtain results to answer the research questions.
The present study highlighted that the main findings were as the following:
As regards to sociodemographic data of the study sample:
The present study revealed that the majority (87.2%) of the studied sample were boys. As regards to age more than half of the studied sample had age ranged from (14 – 16) years old with a mean age of (13.3 ± 1.7). Regarding level of education, more than two thirds (74.0%) of the studied sample had preparatory school level. While, near of three quarter of the studies sample had good level regarding learning level. Finally near of half (46.0%) of the studied sample had the second rank in relation to child ranking.
The present study revealed that, more than two thirds (67.8%) of mothers their ages ranged between (30-35) years and the majority (86.1%) of fathers their ages ranged between (40-45) years. Regarding parents’ educational level more than one third (36.1%) of mothers and more than half (53.9%) of fathers had diploma level of education. Regarding parents’ occupation more than two thirds (72.2%) of mothers were house wife and about one third (33.9%) of fathers were employee.
The present study revealed that the majority (92.2%) of the study sample had normal height and more than three quarter (79.3%) of them had normal weight and minority of them had abnormal height and weight.
As regards to the research questions answering results:
This part answering the first research question which covers children knowledge about diabetes type one and children self-care practices.
The present study result revealed that more than half (52.2%) of studied sample had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus type one.
This study result revealed more than half (59.0%) of the studied children had unsatisfactory practice level regarding nutritional habits. As regard to practicing exercises about near of three quarter (74.0%) of the studied children had unsatisfactory practice level. Regarding practices of insulin injection, more than half (51.0%) of the studied sample had unsatisfactory practice level. As regard to practices for investigations, about two thirds (65. 0%) of the studied sample had unsatisfactory practices level and more than half (63.2%) of them had unsatisfactory practices level regarding hygiene practices.
Concerning the second research question geared toward the additional findings and answering.
This study result revealed that there was highly statistical correlation between students’ total level of knowledge scores and their total practices scores (p<0.0001).
This study result revealed there was strong significant statistical correlation between students’ knowledge level and their age, gender, educational level, scholastics achievement, and children ranking.
This study result revealed that there was strong significant statistical correlation between students’ total practice level and their age, gender, educational level, scholastics achievement and children ranking (p<0.0001).
This study revealed that there was significant statistical correlation between students’ level of physical health problem and their age, gender and ranking but there was no significant statistical correlation between their level of physical health problem and their educational health level.
The study result revealed that there was significant statistical correlation between level of psychological health problem and their age, gender, educational level and children ranking.