الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 1diabetes is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses. Alleles or genetic variants associated with type 1 diabetes provide either susceptibility to or protection from the disease within a given environmental background.The genetic makeup with the balance between susceptibility and protection alleles determines the age of onset of type 1 diabetes. The population recruited in this study included 20 Egyptian families who are attending outpatient clinic in Diabetes, Endocrinology unit, at Minia University Children Hospital. The tested loci included: HLA class II genes including DQB1,DRB1,DQB10302.
The age of onset of the disease was ranging from 2years up to 18 years old with a mean(7.54 ± 4.18 ) years.
Our study further shows that there is a slight female predominance (60%) . Large percent of our patients had +ve family history of diabetes (50%). We found that the highest percent were presented by DKA (13patients, 65%) then (7patients 35%) were presented with weight loss, poly urea ,poly depsia, as the first presentation of the disease. We also found that one patients (5%) had cow milk introduced to them before the age of one year that is considered as an important triggering factor for diabetes.
Our study showed that 10(50%) of the studied group had DQB1*0102 Gene versus 12(60%)of their fathers were positive and 11(55%) of their mothers were positive. Concerning DQB1*0302 Gene,15(75%) of the diabetic patient had it,while 16 (80%) of their fathers had it and 15 (75%) of their mothers were positive with it . Lastly as regard DRB1*04 Gene 14(70%) of the diabetic patient were positive while 13(65%) of their fathers were positive and 11 (55%) of their mothers were positive.
In conclusion, the importance of avoiding exposure to the different predisposing factors which may precipitate early onset of diabetes, this may help to delay such an early onset but not prevent it especially if it is genetically determined.