الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract ADHD is common long-lasting, treatable childhood neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder that may persist to the adulthood. This disorder is characterized by persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity –impulsivity that interfere with development .It has symptoms presenting in two or more setting (e.g. at home, school, or work), and negatively impact directly on social, academic or occupational functioning. The symptoms must present before age of twelve and persist for more than six months. ADHD is considered to be a complex and heterogeneous disorder and its etiology is not well understood, allowing the establishment of several causal hypothesis. Evidence suggests that two main factors are associated with the increased susceptibility of the individual to ADHD: 1. Genetic and neurobehavioral factor. 2. Environmental factor. Some nutritional elements may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ADHD such as Zinc (Zn), Magnesium (Mg) and Copper (Cu). It has been suggested that symptoms of ADHD may be caused by dopamine and serotonin dysfunction. Zinc is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes and is involved in the pathway for the body’s production of prostaglandins and neurotransmitters. Zinc is necessary for vitamin B6 to be metabolized to its active form, pyridoxal phosphate, which in turn plays a role in conversion of tryptophan to serotonin. Zinc assists in both the production and regulation of melatonin; melatonin is an important factor in the pathophysiology of ADHD due to its modulation of dopamine. Zinc also binds |