الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 118 |  |  |
| | | from | 118 | | |
Abstract
Behavior of cold-formed sections with web openings under bending The cold-formed sections are widely used in buildings and bridges because of it’s light weight and it’s easy erection. The holes in cold-formed sections allow to path serices through the beam like cables, pipesThe objective of this study was the design methods for cold-formed steel beams with web holes case of local buckling. Many types of beams evaluated in this study were varied in web depth &width and hole depth. By using CUFSM program, the critical buckling modes were identified to be used in the modified equations of the Direct Strength Method. and using the Effective Width Method by used the ECP.