الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out on 120 dairy buffaloes suffer from postpartum anestrus for more than 120 days in the period ( summer 2014 and summer 2015 ) in the private farms of El ettr ,EL essawi, and Ayman Hamada, Abis region-Alexandria governorate.
The animals were excluded that suffer from any problems during the process of parturition as dystcia, retained placenta, pyometra ,meteritis, endometritis, lamness and abdominal disorder or any other disease that may affect the results of the experiment.It was emphasized health programs of preventive vaccination against infectious diseases and preventive programs of internal and external parasites, and these animals were fed on 40-50km / day of green fodder, concentrates with 16% protein and rice straw. It had been diagnosed the anestrous in buffaloes after parturition by:1) Examination of the ovaries and reproductive system through the rectal palpation.
2) Case history through farm records (date of birth).buffaloes remained a cyclic for more than 120 days postpartum.
3) Assessment the level of serum progesterone hormone in the blood. The blood samples were collected from Juglar vein (twice with 10days interval from all animals before starting treatment protocols and kept in ice box until reading Mabarat Al- Asafara lab .Serum from each animal were separated and kept in identified vials .serum samples were obtained by centrifugation at 2500rpm for 15 minutes and stored at -20c until assessment. Assay of progesterone was performed by (Electrochemlluminescence immunoassay”ECLIA”is intended for use on Elecsy and cobas immunoassay analyzers).
The estimation of progesterone hormone in the blood, consider one of the most confirming methods to diagnose cases of anestrous in buffaloes because of miss diagnosis may occur when examine the ovaries through the rectal palpation alone. Rectal palpation together with progesterone assay used to diagnosis an estrus buffaloes.The results of laboratory have shown there were blood samples with level of the progesterone hormone less than 1 ng / ml and these samples were classified as smooth inactive ovaries (true anestrous) and blood samples with level of the progesterone hormone more than 1 ng / ml and these samples were classified as sub estrus or silent heat cyclic cases with luteal structures which may be (embedded corpora luteal, peresistant corpus luteam, un observed heat, silent heat).
It has been applied CIDR protocols included different hormonal treatment with taking into consideration the level of progesterone hormone for each group of animals.CIDR (has been used as a source of exogenous progesterone hormone ),Gonadotrophine hormone(GnRH) (which used as stimulator for the pituitary gland to secrete a follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) for the growth of follicles and lutinizing hormone (LH hormone) for ovulation ), Estradiaol benzoate hormone (to exhibit signs of estrus and intensity of heat in the treated animals) ,PGF2α(lutylosis of luteal structure on ovaries ).
The animals were divided into 5 groups and control group without any hormonal treatment. Each group contains 20 buffaloes divided into (True anestrous) and (Sub estrus) depending on the estimation of the level of progesterone hormone for each buffalo in the group, taking into consideration the average of milk production, average ages, physical condition and body condition score (BCS).With estimation of the reproductive performance parameters the animals divided into (True anestrous) and (Sub estrus).These paramters were as follows:1) TEI: a time zone between the last treatment and the appearance of estrus.
2) EIR: It is the percentage of animals that responded directly to treatment.
3) No. of S / conc: the number of services used for each buffalo until pregnancy occurs.
4) FSC%: the percentage of animals which conceived and became pregnant with first service. 5) CRIE: the percentage of buffaloes which became pregnant in response to induced estrus.6) CR1 stSE: the percentage buffaloes, which did not respond to treatment directly then exhibit estrus signs and lately became pregnant.
7) TCR%: the total percentage of fertility.(percentage of buffaloes which became pregnant as proportion of the total number of buffaloes which were inseminated at estrus response to different treatment multiplied by 100).
8) PR%: the total percentage of pregnancy.( percentage of buffaloes which became pregnant in a proportion to total numbers of buffaloes included in the study multiplied by 100).These buffaloes were artificially inseminated towards the end of estrus (after about 10-12hr from the beginning of estrus )with proved good quality frozen thawed semen from single bull (Semen production Unit, Animal Production Research Institute, Sakha, Kafer El sheikh governarate) approximately 12 hours of the standing estrus (heat). Heat observation was carried out twice per day (6am and 6pm)each observation continued for 30 minutes .Artificial insemination was carried out 10-12hrs after beginning of the standing heat.The pregnancy was diagnosed through manual examination of the reproductive system per the rectum 45-60 days of artificial insemination.Group1:
20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes divided into 15 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus) progesterone hormone level (0.63 ± 0.05) and 5 buffaloes suffer from (Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.50±0.07). The results showed that application of the same CIDR protocol included with different hormonal preparation on true anestrus and subestrus buffaloes.
As follow CIDR with 2.5 ml Recptal® (10µg GnRH)intra muscular at day zero from the beginning of treatment and CIDR continued in the vagina for a period of (8) days with injection of 5 ml Enzerabrost®-T ( (25mg dinoprost PGF2α) intra muscular in the day( 7) .The CIDR was removed at the day (8) and then re-injected 2.5 ml Recptal® (10µg GnRH) intramuscular at the (9) day then observation of heat and artificial insemination10-12 hours from the beginning of estrus.
The overall results of the first group that include the results of (true anestrous) and (subestrus) according to the level progesterone hormone (0.86±0.10) were as follows: table(3).
TEI (3.10±0.40), EIR (80%), No. of S / Conc (1.50 ± 0.14), FSC (60%), CRIE (81.3%), CR1stSE (75%), TCR (84.2%), PR (80%).
group 2:
20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes divided into 15 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus) progesterone hormone level (0.61 ± 0.04) and 5 buffaloes suffer from (Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.24 ±0.06).
The results showed that application of the same CIDR protocol included with different hormonal preparation on true anestrus and subestrus buffaloes.
As follow CIDR used with 2.5 ml Recptal®( 10µg GnRH) injected intramuscular at day zero the CIDR still in the vagina and was removed in the (7)day ,another dose of 2.5 ml Recpta®( 10µg GnRH) injected intramuscular .Heat observation and artificial insemination after 10-12 hours from the beginning of estrus.
The overall results of the second group that include the results of true anestrous and subestrus according to the level progesterone hormone(0.85±0.10) were as follow: table (4).
TEI (2.50±0.53), EIR (55%) ,No .of S / Conc (1.47 ± 0.12) , FSC (45%) CRIE (63.6%) CR1stSE (75%), TCR (68.42%), PR (65%).group 320 postpartum anestrus buffaloes divided into 14 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus) progesterone hormone level (0.67 ± 0.05) and 6 buffaloes suffer from (Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.32±0.10).
The results showed that application of the same CIDR protocol included with different hormonal preparation on true anestrus and subestrus buffaloes.As follow :CIDR at day zero without the use of other hormones the CIDR still in the vagina for (7) days and then remove it .at the day (7) inject 5 ml Enzraprost®-T (25mg dinoprost PGF2α ) intramusculary .
Heat observation and artificial insemination after about 10-12 hours of the beginning of the estrus.
The overall results of the third group that include the results of true anestrous and sub estrus according to the level progesterone hormone(0.79 ±0.10) were as follows: table(5).
TEI (2.63±0.41), EIR (70%), No. of S / Conc (1.58 ± 0.11), FSC (25%), CRIE (78.57 %) ,CR1stSE (50%), TCR (72.2%), PR (65%).
group 4
20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes divided into 12 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus) progesterone hormone level (0.54 ± 0.05) and 8 buffaloes suffer from (Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.37 ±0. 08).
The results showed that application of the same CIDR protocol included with different hormonal preparation on true anestrus and subestrus buffaloes. As follow:CIDR at day zero with injection of 2.5ml Recptal® (10µg GnRH) intramuscular .The CIDR was removed in the day (7)with the injection of 5 ml Enzerabrost®-T(25mg dinoprost PGF2α ) intrmuscular.
And after 24 hours were injected 1 mL Folon® (5 mg estradiol benzoate) intramuscular.
Heat observation artificial insemination after 10-12 hours from the beginning of estrus.
The overall results of the fourth group that include the results of true anestrous and sub estrus according to the level progesterone hormone(0.87±0.10) were as follows: table (6) TEI (1.80±0.12), EIR (85%) No. of S / Conc (1.15 ± 0.08) , FSC (60%) CRIE (82.35%), CR1stSE, (50%), TCR (78.9 %), PR (75%).Group5: 20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes divided into 12 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus) progesterone hormone level (0.65 ± 0.04) and 8 buffaloes suffer from (Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.23 ±0. 04). The results showed that application of the CIDR protocol alone on true anestrus and subestrus buffaloes. As follow:CIDR has been used only without any other hormones for 7 the days in the vagina, and then remove it at day (7).
Heat observation and artificial insemination after 10-12 hours from the beginning of estrus.The overall results of the fourth group that include the results of true anestrous and sub estrus according to the level progesterone hormone(.0.85±0.07) were as follows:Table (7). TEI (3.60 ± 0. 034), EIR (45%) No. of S / Conc (1.65 ± 0.20) , FSC (15%) CRIE (55.6%), CR1stSE (60%), TCR (57.14%), PR (40%).
The control group
20 postpartum anestrus buffaloes did not receive any treatments divided into 9 buffaloes suffer from (True anestrus ) progesterone hormone level (0.60±0.040) and 11 buffaloes suffer from( Subestrus) progesterone hormone level (1.32±0.04).The overall results of the fourth group that include the results of true anestrous and sub estrus according to the level progesterone hormone(0.93±0.09) were as follows: table (8)TEI(0.00±0.00) , EIR (27.3%) No. of S / Conc (0.20 ± 0.12) , FSC (5%) ,CRIE (0%) CR1stSE (33.3%), TCR (33.3%), PR (5%).
When comparing the final results of the total reproductive performance paramters in the six groups were the best results are described as follows EIR (85%) in group (4 )and EIR (80%) in the group(1 )and EIR (70%) in the group (3) and the EIR (55%) group (2) and EIR (45%) in the group(5) compared to controls EIR(27.3)% The best results for TEI in the group (4) (1.80 ± 0. 012) then group (2) (2.50 ± 0.53) then the group (3) (2.63 ± 0.41) then group (5) (3.60 ± 0. 034) then group (1) (3.10±0.40) compared to the control group (0.00 ± 0. 00).
The best results for FSC in the groups (1) and (4)FSC (60%) then group (2) FSC (45%), and then group(3) FSC (25%) and then group (5) FSC (15%) and the control group FSC (5%). The best results for CRIE in the group (4) CRIE (82.35), and then group(1) CRIE (81.3%) and then group (3) CRIE (78.57%) and then the group (2) CRIE (63.6%) , then group (5)(55.6%)and the control group CRIE (0%).The best results group of CR1stSE in groups (1) and (2)(75%), then the group (5)CR1stSE (60), then the groups(3)and( 4)CR1stSE (50%) compared to the control group CR1stSE (33.3%).
The best results for No. of S / Conc the group (5) No .of S / Conc (1.65 ± 0.20) then the group(3) No. of S / Conc (1.58 ± 0.11) then group(1) No. ofS / Conc (1.50 ± 0.14), and then group (2)No .of S / Conc (1.47 ± 0.12) , then group (4)No.of S / Conc (1.15 ± 0.08) , compared to controls. No .of S / Conc (0.20 ± 0.12). The best results for TCR the group (1) (84.2%), then the group (4) TCR (78.9%), then the group (3)TCR (72.2%), then group (2) TCR (68.42%)then the group(5) TCR (57.14%) compared to the control TCR (33.3%). The best results for PR in the first group(1) PR (80%), and the group(4) PR (75%). Then group(2) group (3) PR (65%) and then group(5) PR (40%) compared to controls PR (5%).