الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Catalysts can be simple or complex, synthetic or natural chemicals, which are capable of making an otherwise impracticable reaction to occur under the mildest possible conditions, an important family of catalysts that has received considerable attention of the synthetic chemist in recent times is “clays”.
Clays received considerable attention as an important family of catalysts according to their low cost, natural abundance and inherent sorptive, considerable acidity and surface area. Several of chemical reactions such as alkylation, acylation, isomerisation and oxidation have been catalyzed via clays or their modified forms. The microstructure of clays can be changed to meet industrial needs for promoting diverse chemical reactions by introducing several metal oxides into the interlayer gallery of clay. In this study, an invention of mesoporous modified clay based materials denoted porous clay heterostructure (PCHs) were synthesized via building porous silica frame work into inter/intra-clay gallery sheets, using dodecylamine as structure directing agent. Moreover, the constructed new framework was also contributed hetroatom like Al3+ for further valorization of these materials in different catalysis field.
The present work involves the preparation of a series of Si-Al- montmorillonite (MMT) PCHs materials with different nSi/nAl ratio, Pt was loaded on these materials and MMT by wet impregnation method including a novel technique for Pt reduction by using formaline.
The physicochemical characterizations of the prepared samples were performed by elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, N2-adsorption and transmission electron microscopy. The physicochemical analysis showed that the new materials have overcome the traditional clay. The new materials have pore size in mesoporous range, narrow pore size distribution and high surface area. In addition, they exhibit higher acidity, thermal stability and catalytic activity as well as strong Brönsted and Lewis acid sites than parent clay. The catalytic activity of the prepared PCHs materials were tested on cumene and hydroisomerization of n-heptane.
The thesis organized in to three chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction, while the second deal with materials, methods and physicochemical characterization respectively, the third chapter show the results and discussions of the physicochemical characterization of the prepared materials and their catalytic activity.