الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors recognizing endogenous and exogenous danger signals. Our aim was to describe TLR role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues especially through mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The study used tissue biopsies from RA (sero-positive and sero-negative) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients as a disease control. After processing, tissues were subjected to histological, immune-histo- and cyto-chemical staining. TLRs 1-9 were expressed differently at various cells of RA synovium, with significant higher expression than OA. TLR 1,5,6&8 expressions were higher in sero-positive than sero-negative RA. In cultivated synovial fibroblasts and bone marrow MSC, all TLRs were detected (TLR 2,7&9 were stronger) with no major difference between RA and OA. TNF-α, up-regulated TLR 2,3&9 in RA bone marrow MSC not OA. In conclusion, MSCs play a critical role, through different TLRs, in pathogenesis of RA synovitis, in cooperation with synovial fibroblasts.