الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of pulps from agricultural residues in the paper industry has much increased in recent years in countries where forests are lacking. In this respect, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw and cotton stalks represent the most important agricultural residues. However, all three mentioned raw materials possess fibers of shorter length than soft woods, consequently, paper produced from agricultural residue pulps is of lower tear strength; and some difficulties could be met during running the paper mac_l,1ne due to the high hemicellulose content of agricultural residue pulps. Therefore, usually agricultural residue pulps are blended with wood pulps for paper production. Also, different agricultural residue pulps are blended together e.g. rice straw and bagasse pulps, ..etc.
In this work, pulp was prepared from cotton stalks while rice straw and bagasse pulps were provided by Egyptian factories. The influence of blending of different pulps on the properties of the produced paper sheets was studied. The results obtained indicated that there is a marked improvement in strength properties of the blended pulps. Since almost in all paper types fillers are used in order to endow some desired properties to paper, the present work was extended to investigate the effect of addition of kaolin on properties of paper made from the different pulps. An Egyptian upgraded kaolin was selected and used as filler. Different series of experiments were carried out using different amounts of kaolin to study the influence of the Egyptian kaolin filler on brightness, opacity and strength properties of the filled paper.
Comparison between conventional filling (filling by addition of kaolin) and non conventional filling (filling through high ash content pulp blend with other pulps) was carried out. The results show that blending high ash content rice straw pulp with other pulps (low ash content) could replace the conventional filling by addition of kaolin in absence and presence of rosin size and alum . This is a novel economic use for the high ash content rice straw pulp as non conventional filler which saves the pnce of the expensive unnecessary conventional fillers.
The obtained results are really valuable information and are in harmony with the earlier work on Egyptian upgraded kaolin as paper filler.