الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE WORKOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and conclusion Acne vulgaris is one of the common dermatological disease frequently found in late childhood and adolescence. Sebaceous hyperplasia, follicular hyperkeratinization, and bacterial hypercolonization, as well as immune reactions and inflammations may lead to acne, which has a quite complex pathogenesis. Propionibacterium acnes produces follicular lipases, proteases, and hyaluronidases, several enzymes that may play an important role in the inflammatory process. Besides, many researchers think that acne pathogenesis cannot exactly be understood. In acne, sebum produced by sebaceous glands, content changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be released from the impacted damaged follicular walls; at the same time. It is thought that this may be the reason for the progress of the inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is also known that some of the drugs used commonly in the treatment of acne function by decreasing ROS. Oxidative stress is the shift in ratio between oxidants and antioxidants either due to excessive ROS generation and/or decrease in antioxidant defenses. An antioxidant is any substance that, when present at low concentrations compared with those of an oxidizable substrate, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate. They are either preventive inhibitors (prevent the initiation of free radical attack) as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) or chain breakers as vitamin E and ascorbic acids. These chain breakers convert free radicals to stable products thus block free radical chain reactions. Reactive oxygen species is a collective term including oxygen free radicals such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and some non-radical derivatives which may yield free radicals in the presence of transitional metal ions. Superoxide dismutase is a class of closely related enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of the superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly reactive three carbon dialdehyde produced as a byproduct of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism. This case controlled study was carried on fifty subjects (thirty patients with acne) and (twenty apparently healthy persons as control group). They were 16 females and 34 males with age ranging from (20-27) years. The patients were attendants of out patient’s clinic of AL-Mahalla Hospital during the period from November 2014 to March 2015. and none of them had any other coexistent disease. Prior to initiation of the study, each subject was informed about the aim of the study and signed an informed consent. All patients were subjected to full history taking (personal, present, past, family and menstrual history and marital state). Detailed dermatological examination was performed to classify the acne severity, and to note the site of acne extension. The distribution of lesions in patients includes face and body (fore and/or back) covering. Blood sample was taken from each subject and used for estimation of NO, SOD and MDA. The results of the present study showed the following: High statistically significant increase in SOD was found in group III when compared to patient groups and high statistically significant increase in NO and MDA in patient groups when compared to group III. There is a strong positive correlation between NO and MDA levels in patients with acne. In contrast, there is a strong negative correlation between SOD activity and NO or between SOD and MDA level in patient with acne. There was statistically no significant correlation between SOD and each of age (for group I; r = 0.357, P = 0.192 and for group II; r = 0.421, P = 0.118), statistically no significant correlation was found between NO and each of age (for group I; r = 0.112, P = 0.691 and for group II; r = 0.445, P = 0.097) and, statistically no significant correlation was found between MDA levels and each of age and severity (for group I; r = 0.461, P = 0.084 691 and for group II; r = 0.597, P = 0.019). Conclusion The results of this study show significant increase in the oxidative stress marker (MDA) and nitrosative marker (NO) in acne patients. Their levels were significantly increased with the increase in acne activity. There is also significant reduction in SOD levels in acne patients which also decrease with the disease activity. Thus, measurement of theses markers may be useful in evaluating acne disease activity, prediction of the disease progression and treatment of acne.