الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Newborn screening is a public health program designed to screen infants shortly after birth for a list of conditions that are treatable, but not clinically evident in the newborn period. Some of the conditions included in newborn screening programs are only detectable after irreversible damage has been done, in some cases sudden death is the first manifestation of the disease . Screening interventions are designed to identify disease in a community early, thus enabling earlier intervention and management in the hope to reduce mortality and suffering from a disease . Ultrasound is the front line imaging investigation and can usually identify the organ of origin and either provide firm diagnosis or narrow the differential diagnosis considerably. Ultrasound is an easily accessible ,non-invasive, and real-time method, has been used since many years ago to determine renal and
urinary tract anomalies . Our study is longitudinal study of 126 of apparently normal neonates at Menoufiya University hospital ,(73) males and (53) females ,123 were normal and the remind (3) had slightly abdominal distension by inspection and ( 9) neonates had abdominal mass that had been detected by deep palpation. In this study the incidence of congenital abnormalities is (9.5)% and there were no environmental risk exposure . There were 12 cases of congenital abnormalities detected by abdominal ultrasound, 9 cases of them are of renal abnormalities which represent 7%of all studied newborns, one case of adrenal hemorrhage ( 0.7%), one
case (0.7%) of situs inversus totalis, one case ( 0.7%) of mesentric cyst.
The cases of congenital abnormalities that were of renal origin were
including 2 cases of polycystic kidney, 2 cases of hydronephrosis ,one
case of bilateral renal back pressure, one case of renal dysplasia ,one case
of ectopic kidney ,one case of enlarged kidney and one case of
nephropathy.
For cases of hydronephrosis in this study (2cases) not diagnosed inutero,
the role of post-natal abdominal ultrasound is to determine the
cases due to obstruction which can lead to renal damage and therefore
require surgical intervention or long term follow-up of renal function.