الفهرس 
Prevalence of Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic metabolic
diseases, which affects large number of people around the
globe.The control and treatment of diabetes and its
complications mainly depend on the chemical or
biochemical agents, but the fact is that it has never been
reported that someone had recovered totally from diabetes.
Natural herbs and medicinal plants are used as botanical or
alternative medicine for thousands of years. Stevia are
leaves coontaiining compounds called glycosides, rang
between 200 to 300 times sweeter than sugar.
The present study was carried out at the National
Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. To investigate the
Effect of Stevia rebaudiana leaves on blood glucose and
lipid profile in diabetic rats. Dried leaves of Stevia
rebaudiana was purchased from Agriculture Research
Center, Giza, Egypt. Adult male albino rats Sprague
Dawley strain (30 animals) weighing (110.00 ± 10 g)
provided from Animal House of National Research Center,
Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Methods:
Chemical analysis of crude dried leaves of Stevia
rebaudiana: Moisture, protein, oil, ash, fiber,
carbohydrates and fatty acids were determined in Stevia
rebaudiana .
Experimental Design:
Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats weighing (110 ±
10g) were kept in individual’s stainless steel cages under
hygienic condition and were fed for one week on basal diet
for adaptation and water supplied as add libitum. After this week the rats were divided into two main groups as a
following :
The first main group (6 rats) fed on basal diet (as a
control negative group).
The second main group (24 rats) was injected with
150 mg alloxan/kg body weight to induce diabetes.
After two days serum glucose were determine in all
rats to insure the induction of diabetes. Then the second
main group was divided into 4 subgroups as a following
Subgroup (1) was fed on basal diet as a control positive
group.
Subgroup (2) was fed on diet containing 2.5% Stevia
rebaudiana.
Subgroup (3) was fed on diet containing 5% Stevia
rebaudiana.
Subgroup (4) was fed on diet containing 7.5% Stevia
rebaudiana.
At the end of the experimental period (6 week), the
rats were fasted overnight before sacrifice and the blood
was collected from each rat, and centrifuged to obtain the
serum.
Liver, kidney, pancreas and Heart were removed by
careful dissection and blotted free of adhering blood
immediately after sacrificing the rats. The organs were
washed with cold saline and dried between two filter
papers, then weighed and kept in formalin solution (10%).
Biological evaluation of the different tested diets
was carried by determination of food intake, body weight
gain % and organs weight / body weight% .Biochemical analysis of serum:
- Serum (glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high
density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea, creatinine,
AST, ALT and ALP) were determined.
- The mean value of LDL-c and VLDL-C were
calculated.
Histopathological Examination:
Specimens from liver, heart, pancreas tissues were
taken immediately after sacrificing animals for
histopathological Examination.
Statistical Analysis:
The data were expressed as mean ± SD, statistical
analysis was carried out by using SPSS programe.
Sensory Evaluation
Jam and tea enriched with different levels of stevia
instated of sucrose were sensory evaluated by panel test
volunteers (n = 20) at Faculty of Specific Education.
The results indicated that:
Chemical composition of dried Stevia rebaudiana
leaf was found that, moisture content of dried stevia leaves
was approximately 4.2%. Crude protein, total fat, crude
fiber, carbohydrates and ash contents were found to be12.0,
12, 3.2, 8.0, 63.6 and 9% on a dry weight basis,
respectively. Analysis of fatty acids showed that sweet leaf
contains fatty acids: palmitic, Palmitoleic, linolenic, linolic,
oleo- palmitic, stearic and oleic acids.The administration of stevia in the diets increased the
daily feed intake, especially with high levels, as compared
to control positive group . All groups treated with different
levels of stevia tended to have similar body weight gain;
even no significant was observed between them.The
highest increases in body weight gain % recorded for the
groups treated with diet containing 5% stevia.
The relatively liver weight was decreased by (9.89
and 3.74%) in (2.5% and 5 % of stevia). While, relatively
liver weight increase in group treated with 7.5 % of stevia
as compared to control negative group.The relatively heart
weight was decreased by (11.35, 15.90 and 22.72%) in
(2.5, 5 and 7.5% of stevia). Relatively heart weight
decreased with the increasing of stevia doses. The
relatively pancreas weight was increased by (16.66 and
6.66 %) in (5 and 7.5% of stevia) respectively. The
relatively kidney weight was decreased by (20.93, 18.60
and 11.62%) in (2.5, 5 and 7.5% of stevia) respectively. the
relatively spleen weight was increasing by 5.8%, as
compared to positive control group.
After six weeks of injection with alloxan and treating
with different doses of stevia. Diabetic rats treated with
high level of stevia tended to have blood sugar close to
healthy group. All treated groups with stevia had blood
sugar lower (P<0.05) than control positive group. Finally
treating with levels of stevia at 7.5% lower final blood
glucose to 83.43mg/dl as compared to control positive.
The highest decrease in the mean value of serum
cholesterol and triglycerides was observed in diabetic
groups treated with the highest levels of stevia (7.5%) was
135.75 and 106mg/dl respectively.
The results indicated that, HDL-C, LDL-C and
VLDL-C had the best result contribute to treating by 7.5%of stevia (50.54, 56.41 and 29.36mg/dl). The effect of
treating hyperglycemic rats with 7.5 % of stevia on serum
ALT, AST and ALP are presented by3.33, 66.5 and 22.17
U/L.
The highest decrease in serum urea nitrogen and
creatinine in all tested groups were recorded for the group
which treated with the highest levels from stevia 7.5%, was
4.27 and 4.45 mg/dl.
Sensory evaluation of jam and tea enriched with
different levels of Stevia revealed that, all products had
overall acceptable with low level of stevia 2.5% substitute
to sugre.
Finally, supplementation with stavia powder at the tested
levels significantly lowered the elevaled blood suager in the
diabetic rats as well as improving the lipid profile, liver and
kidney functions. Therefore, it could be recommended for
diabetic patients.