الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Respiratory events are a major risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality in children. Perioperative respiratory adverse events are common among children with co-existing pulmonary diseases. Those diseases encompass a wide spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infections to chronic lung disease and end-stage pulmonary failure. Those diseases share the pathophysiology of bronchospasm and variably decreased flow in the airways, but also have unique physiological consequences. An in-depth review of all major pediatric pulmonary diseases is beyond the scope of a single article Children with co-existing pulmonary disease have a wide range of clinical manifestations with significant implications for anesthetists. Patients with respiratory disease may either follow a relapse–remit pattern with return to baseline function between exacerbations or may experience a steady decline in lung function, with eventual development of cor-pulmonale, respiratory failure, and death.By understanding the pathophysiology of the most common respiratory diseases in pediatrics & reviewing the recent literatures and the previous studies to clarify how we can use the understanding of those diseases to prevent and manage perioperative complications. Also awareness of anatomical and physiological differences, important pathological conditions affecting children, and a knowledge of the available airway techniques and tools will allow the anesthesiologist to formulate and execute safe and effective management of the pediatric airway The anesthesiologists can make a difference in outcomes with a proper anesthetic plan for pediatric patients with co-existing pulmonary diseases in order to prevent or reduce the incidence of perioperative complications.including the perioperative anesthetic management, and postoperative care for the most common pediatric pulmonary disorders encountered by anesthesiologists. Preoperative evaluation including history, physical examination & investigations as well as appropriate preparation for surgery such as chest physiotherapy or premedications could optimize the child’s condition prior to surgery & improve the outcome. Our aim is to provide a plan for perioperative care of the child with co-existing respiratory disease in the context of a team approach in a stepwise approach to disease management. An understanding of the importance of minimizing the risk for bronchoconstriction and having the tools at hand to treat it when necessary is paramount in the care of these patients in order to provide safe anesthesia for those patients. |