الفهرس 
Anatomy and Physiology of the EsophagusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried to evaluate the clinical outcome of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in patients diagnosed with GERD 3 years after treatment who presented to the Ain Shams Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit (ASPU), Children Hospital, Ain Shams University 3years October 2013and january 2015.
The study included 50 cases, they were 33 males (66%) and 17 females (34%) Their ages ranged from 3.5to 6.5 years with a mean age of 4.98± 0.70 compared to 50 age matched controls with no history of GERD.
The diagnosis of GERD was based on clinical history, biological tests and upper GIT series.
All patients had medical history taking, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, refusal to eat, dysphagia, hematemesis), associated extra intestinal symptoms (wheezing, cough, recurrent chest infections, stridor, apnea, irritability and weight loss)
Careful clinical examination was done with special emphasis on, weight, abdominal examination (distension, tenderness, rigidity and organomegally) and anthropometric measures; (weight for age and length for age in terms of Z score value).
All patients had a laboratory assessment of CBC (hemoglobin %, platelet count and TLC).
The present study revealed that vomiting was reported by 70% of cases at time of diagnosis, refusal to eat among 40% of the cases, hematemesis among 4% of cases at time of diagnosis.
Regarding the extra intestinal manifestations the present study revealed the presence of irritability among 60%, cough among 50%, recurrent chest infections among 38% of cases at time of diagnosis, wheezing among 34%, failure to thrive among 20% of cases, stridor among 6% of cases at time of diagnosis.
from the results of the present study, we conclude that:
The frequency of occurrence of vomiting shows a significant decrease from 70% of cases at time of diagnosis to 4% after 3 years of treatment in the same group (P value 0.001), similarly frequency of occurrence of dysphagia shows significant decrease from 20% to 4% at the same group (P value 0.000), frequency of occurrence of hematemesis shows also a significant decrease from 4% to 1% in the same group (P value 0.001),also frequency of occurrence of respiratory symptoms shows significant decrease from 38% to 2% at the same group (P value 0.0001), also there is significant decrease in the occurrence of refusal to eat from 40% to 2% after 3 years of treatment in the same group, there is significant increase in Z score WFA and HFA in cases 3 years after treatment of GERD compared to same group at diagnosis.