الفهرس 
TUBERCULOSISOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of illness and death worldwide, especially in Asia and Africa. Globally, 9.2 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths from TB occurred in 2006, of which 0.7 million cases and 0.2 million deaths were in HIV-positive people. More positively, and reinforcing a finding first reported in 2007, the number of new cases appears to have been falling globally since 2003. Globally, the rate of case detection for smear positive cases reached 61% in 2006 (compared with the target of at least 70%) and the treatment success rate improved to 84.7% in 2005.
The aim of the study was to assess directly observed therapy that applied to diagnosed cases of tuberculosis in the period from January 2006 to cases which outcome ended in December 2012 in Giza governorate Chest hospitals as a tool for treatment and control of tuberculosis in the community.
This study included 21164 patients, 16234 pulmonary and 4930 extra pulmonary tuberculous cases.
1- Collection and analysis of data:
Comprehensive collection of data about all TB cases registered in El-Giza governorate from 2006 – 2012. The following data were collected for each year:
Name, Age group, Sex, Residence, Type of the patient, Diagnosis, Sputum examination, Culture result, Regimen of treatment and Treatment outcome.
2- Measurement of indicators: for every year alone:
These indicators were designed by World Health Organization to determine NTP quality and effectiveness. These indicators are:
Incidence rate (case notification rate), new pulmonary TB cases with no smear result, new adult smear positive cases, re-treatment TB cases, new extra-pulmonary TB cases, new TB cases with no smear conversion result, sputum conversion rate at the end of the initial phase of treatment, cure rate, treatment completion rate, death rate, treatment failure rate, default rate, transfer out rate and re-treatment failure rate (chronic TB rate),
The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed and the following results were obtained:
- Tuberculosis was common in age group30 - 44y (31.2%).
- Tuberculosis was common in males (65.5%), than female (34.5%).
- Rural areas (57.1%), were higher than urban areas (42.9 %).
- Pulmonary cases (76.7%) were higher than extra pulmonary cases (23.3%).
- There was slight reduction of pulmonary cases from 79.9% in 2006 to 79.8% in 2012 and there was slight increase in extra pulmonary cases from 20.1% in 2006 to 20.2% in 2012.
- Most common type of pulmonary tuberculosis was sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (89.3%), while sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis was (10.7%).
- Most common type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was pleural tuberculosis (43.7%), and tuberculous lymphadenitis (27%).
- New cases (87.5%) represented the highest percentage of all cases attended for treatment.
- Sputum conversion was 73.1%, 91.5% and 84.6% at two months, five months of treatment and at the end of treatment respectively.
- Outcome of cases was obtained as follows:
Cases that successfully treated were 81.3% (45.5% cured cases and 35.8% cases that completed treatment). (nearly equal to WHO target ’’85 %’’).
Cases with failed treatment were 4.1%, Died cases were 5.4%, defaulters were 5% and transferred out cases were 4.2%