الفهرس 
CONVENTIONAL NEEDLE IRRIGATION METHODOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate endodontic treatment pain after different irrigation regimes in multiple visit endodontic therapy using negative pressure irrigating system versus conventional needle system in vivo and to compare the debridement efficiency and apical debris extrusion of negative pressure irrigation system versus conventional irrigation in vitro.
The study consists of two parts; clinical part evaluating pain between visits and experimental part evaluating apical extrusion of debris and cleanliness of the canal walls.
In the clinical part: Eighty mandibular vital and nonvital second premolars teeth of medically free patients. The teeth were randomly classified into main equal two groups according to the method of irrigation; Group Ι: Using negative pressure syringe (Forty patients) Group ΙΙ: Using conventional irrigation method (Forty patients). Each group was subdivided into two equal subgroups according to the vitality of the pulp; Subgroup (a): Vital teeth (Twenty patients) Subgroup (b): Non-vital teeth (Twenty patients). Each subgroup was further subdivided into two equal subdivisions according to the irrigating solutions; EDTA/NaOCl (Ten patients) (2): EDTA/CHX (Ten patients)In the first visit access cavity were done, periapical tooth length radiograph and patency was established and the prepared using crown-down technique with ProTaper Universal nickel titanium rotary instruments using apex locator device. All teeth were flushed with 3ml NaOCl (2.5%) after each instrument then finally flushed with 3ml of different irrigants according to the subgroup for 2 mins.
A questionnaire was given to the participants to record the pain intensity using numerical rating scale (NRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) experienced during the treatment procedures.
All questionnaires were collected from the patients in the second visit before obturation. All data were recorded and statistically analyzed.
In the experimental part: Forty freshly extracted single rooted mandibular premolar teeth with mature apices and free of decay or restoration were selected. Lengths of roots were standardized by tooth decoration to length 19mm. The working lengths of the canals were measured visually with # 15 k-file until the tip of the file was just visible at the apical foramen.
The root canals were classified into two equal groups according to the method of irrigation: Group Ι: Using negative pressure irrigation method; Group ΙΙ: Using conventional needle