الفهرس 
MATERIALS AND METHODS
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Abstract
The present study was conducted in the Faculty of agriculture green
house or farm; Ain shams University at Shoubra El-Kheima, Kalubia Governorate during the two
successive seasons of 2012 and 2013. Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum, Diamond) were grown in dark
plastic bags. The potato seedlings inoculated with PVY, and treated with red algal aqueous extract
(10, 20, 30%) and carrageenanes (1mg/ml), which were applied at three times. Wheat grains (Triticum
aestivum L.) var., Sakha 93, was germinated in the field experience. The growing wheat plants were
foliar sprayed twice (at flowering and grain development stages) by each of three concentrations of
(10, 20 and 30 %) of Chondrus crispus extract under recommended fertilization by ministry of
agriculture.
Results obtained from potato experiment showed that the disease severity and PVY concentration were
reduced in the treated plant. Potato virus Y caused a significant increase in the levels of
proline, total phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, antioxidant defense
enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) of potato leaves and amylase activity of resultant
tubers, while, it led to a significant decrease in starch concentration by about 35% than control
plants. On the other hand, the foliar spraying both algal extract and carrageenan were improved of
infected plant growth related to significantly increased in proline, total phenols, PAL,
peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, amylase activity and starch concentration either in pre or post PVY
inoculation. The enhancement of plant growth was found associated with restriction of virus concentration as proved by ELISA.
The results indicated that the use of carrageenanes (1mg/ml) and highest
concentrations of red algal extract (20 % and 30 %) induce systemic
resistance provide an efficient tool, as antiviral agent to manage potato
virus Y in potato plants.
Results obtained from wheat experiment showed that foliar spraying
with 20% algal extract reached the productivity of wheat by 62% than
control; increased the yield attributing characters (flag leaf area, height
and weight plant, length and weight spike, grain number/spike, weight
and size of 1000 grain and specific test weigh), the nutritive quality of
grains (starch, total carbohydrates, macro and micro nutrient elements,