الفهرس 
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Abstract
The foot is the weight bearing segment of the body, it plays,
together with the ankle, the most vital role in the gait.
Foot and ankle deformities are common problems in orthopedic
surgery, these deformities occur with congenital conditions (such as
clubfoot and congenital vertical talus), neurological lesions (such as
poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, meningeomyelocele and charcot‐Marie‐
Tooth disease), traumatic injuries, osteomyelitis, non‐unions or malunions,
leg length discrepancy,burn and other soft tissue contractures.
Foot and ankle deformities affect the gait and may cause
compensatory changes in other joints leading to knee, hip and low back
problems. Foot deformities intefere with shoe fitting and in neurological
conditions may necessitate specially designed foot and ankle orthoses.
The abnormal contact pressures cause skin problems ranging from
callosities to skin ulcerations, which in turn can be complicated by
infection and osteomyelitis. These problems add to the psychological
distress experienced by these patients.
The goal of treatment of foot and ankle deformities is obtaining
stable, painless, plantigrade and cosmetically aligned foot that provides
normal or near normal gait.Many conventional surgical procedures have
been described for correction of these deformities depending on
severity of the deformity, whether the deformity is flexible or rigid, age
of the patient and presence of muscle paralysis or joint arthritis. These
surgical procedures include soft tissue release with tendon lengthening,
tendon transfer, osteotomies and arthrodesis.