الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was performed on 30 cases, 5 nonnal control cases and 25 patients suffering from any form ofTMJ disorder.
Full clinical data was obtained from each case. The case where subjected to the following examination:
1- Panoramic radiography
2- MR. imaging in closed and opened mouth positions
3- Ultrasonography in closed and open mouth positions.
MRI results; demonstrated that out of the 25 patients suffering from TMJ disorders, 3 (12%) demonstrated normal disc position in both closed and opened mouth positions. Eight cases (32%) demonstrated anterior disc displacement with reduction and 14(56%) cases demonstrated anterior disc displacement without reduction.
The results of ultrasonography of the 5 asymptomatic volunteers (control group) revealed the following:-
1- in the closed mouth position the distance between the superior surfuce of the condyle and the inferior surfuce of the glenoid fossa ranged between 2.8 to 5 mm with a mean of3.6 mm..
2- in the opened mouth position the distance between the superior surfuce of the condyle and the inferior surfuce of the glenoid fossa ranged between 5 to 7 mm with a mean of 5.8 mm.The results of ultrasonography for the 25 patients suffering from TMJ disorders demonstrated normal distance between the superior surfuce of the condyle and the inferior surfuce of the glenoid fossa in 4 cases (16%).
The remaining 21 cases (84%) demonstrated increased distance between the superior surfuce of the condyle and the inferior surfuce of the glenoid fossa which ranged between 7-10 mm in closed mouth position with a
mean of 8 mm and ranged between I 0-17 mm in opened mouth position
with a mean of 14.5 mrn.
When comparing the results of ultrasonography and the resuhs ofMRI it was evident that all cases that demonstrated an increase in the distance between the superior surface of the condyle and the inferior surfuce of the glenoid fossa where diagnosed in MRI as anterior disc displacement. While only one case from the 4 cases that demonstrated normal distance in ultrasonography was diagnosed as anterior disc displacement with reduction in MRI while, the 3 remaining cases demonstrated normal disc position in MRI.
from the results of the present study it could be concluded that MRI is an accurate technique for the diagnosis of disorders of the TMJ.
Ultrasonography could be used as a primary tool for the diagnosis of
abnormalities in the TMJ.