الفهرس 
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Abstract
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are faced with new challenges with respect to their key functions; education, research and innovation, and community service [1]. The situation in Egypt was indifference and, rather, much harder as Egypt public HEI witnessed an unprecedented challenges that have been significantly reflected on its operational effectiveness and efficiency. These challenges aroused from two main sources: (1) the continual financial shortage that, in turn, lowered the availability and quality of its soft and hard resources; and (2) continual changes in their surrounding environment either locally or internationally. Such challenges, coupled with the fact of the highly competitive market demands, made no way for these institutions other than developing skills and competencies that were not previously required, specifically in terms of resource governance and management.
Egypt public universities, in particular, and Higher education institutions in general have recognized the need to reassess their functions of teaching and research. Several reform initiatives took place in the Egyptian educational system from primary to higher education. One of which is the “Higher Education Enhancement Project” (HEEP [2]) which started in the year 2002 and was financially supported by a loan from the World Bank. One of HEEP major projects was the Information & Communication Technology Project (ICTP) which represented 21% of HEEP budget to be the cornerstone that is applied across the board to support ICT within the higher education.