الفهرس 
1-IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by
elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in
insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
Type 1 diabetes is the commonest type of diabetes in childhood
and adolescence. Most cases of type 1 diabetes are due to destruction of
the pancreatic β-cells by T-cells (white blood cells concerned with the
immune system). This is a type of autoimmune destruction, meaning that
the body attacks part of itself.
In recent years, type 2 diabetes has been increasingly found among
children and adolescents, in association with increasing early obesity and
in those who have a family history of type 2 diabetes, or whose mothers
had diabetes in pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with the
metabolic syndrome.
In summary, this study which was done over 1150 adolescents
revealed that 0.6% of the studied group had diabetes mellitus, 4.1% had
IFG and 2.4 % of them had IGT. Excessive and nocturnal urination were
the commonest symptoms encountered by adolescents suffering from
diabetes as 57.1% of diabetic adolescents had either one of them.
Family history of diabetes can be considered a significant alarm as
29.6% of the adolescents with fasting hyperglycemia and 58.8% of
adolescents with 2h post-prandial hyperglycemia gave family history of
diabetes (p value <0.0001 for both, OR 3.77 and 13.61 respectively).
Overweight and obesity represented major risk factors for fasting
and 2h post-prandial hyperglycemia as 77.8% of adolescents with fasting
hyperglycemia and 67.7% of adolescents with 2 h post-prandial
hyperglycemia were in this category of BMI classification (p value
<0.001 for both, OR 13.4 and 6.45 respectively).