الفهرس 
Arabic AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Macular edema is defined as accumulation of fluid in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the retina, centered about the foveola. It can be accompanied by secondary formation of cystic spaces, known as cystoid macular edema. In this presenting study, three common etiologies for macular edema were studied: diabetic macular edema, RVO, and pseudophakic macular edema.Various methods of investigations are utilized to determine the presence and the extent of macular oedema. Fundus flurescein angiogram and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Also in this presenting study, trying to find a relation between BCVA and both area of leakage and central foveal thickness. BCVA correlated inversely with area of leakage in group I only. An inverse statistically significant correlation exists between VA and central foveal thickness by OCT in group I and III. There is a weak negative but significant correlation between VA and both area of leakage and central foveal thickness in group I. There is inverse weak non-significant correlation between VA and both of them in group II. There is a moderate negative significant correlation between VA and thickness in group III but inverse weak non-significant correlation between VA and area of leakage. Fluorescein angiography is a standard method used to evaluate patients with ME that is sensitive for qualitative detection of fluid leakage. Since OCT became commercially available in 1995, it has provided useful information on the morphologic changes associated with a variety of vitreomacular diseases, including macular edema. OCT is potentially useful in monitoring progress over time, particularly changes in retinal thickness, size of cysts and serous retinal detachments. In coclusion both FA and high-resolution OCT are highly sensitive techniques and correlate well in detection of ME. Also it is necessary to take in mind that many factors affecting VA including the duration of macular edema, degree of macular capillary closure, media opacities, and photoreceptor impairment.