الفهرس 
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis or bilharziais a tropical disease caused by worms of the genus Schistosoma. The transmission cycle requires contamination of surface water by excreta, specific freshwater snails as intermediate hosts, and human water Contact. The main disease causing species are S haematobium, S. mansoni, and S. japonicum.
According to WHO, 200 million people are infected worldwide, leading to the loss of 1•7 million disability-adjusted life years, Schistosomiasis is characterised by focal epidemiology and overdispersed population distribution, with higher infection rates in children than in adults. Complex immune mechanisms lead to the slow acquisition of immune resistance, though innate factors also play a part. Acute schistosomiasis, a feverish syndrome, is mostly seen in travellers after primary infection. chronic schistosomal disease affects mainly individuals with longstanding infections in poor rural areas. Immunopathological reactions against schistosome eggs trapped in the Tissues lead to inflammatory and obstructive disease in the urinary system (S. haematobium) or intestinal disease.
Hepatosplenic inflammation, and liver fibrosis (S. mansoni, S. japonicum). The diagnostic standard is microscopic demonstration of eggs in the excreta. Praziquantel is the drug treatment of choice. Vaccines are not yet available.
Great advances have been made in the control of the disease through population-based chemotherapy but these required political commitment and strong health systems. This study is designed for the prevalence of schistosomiasis between school children in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate , Kafr El Sheikh district during 2014 – 2015.
We examined one thousand school children 527 males and 473 females aging (6-15) years old in a cross-sectional study. Depending in diagnosis on microscopic examination of fresh urine and stool samples.
All children will be subjected to the following:
1-history taking includes name, age, sex and residence .
2-general examination.
3-Investigation: urine and stool examination, Positive cases were assessed for weight, height, BMI, their SD, hemoglobin level, IQ.
A-Collection of the samples: Samples are collected from pupils by giving each one two clean and dry screw capped containers. Collection of the samples includes information about age, sex, and name.
B-Examination of the samples:
Both urine and stool samples are taken to the laboratory processed and examined immediately for schistosoma eggs .