الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate effects of Ivermectin or Rafoxanide and their co-administration on some reproductive organs weight , semen characters, blood picture, some liver and kidney function tests in mature male rats . Moreover, histopathological changes in some organs isolated from treated and control male rats were carried out . Therefore , 4 groups of mature male rats each of 15 rats were used in this work . Group 1: Rats were injected with propylene glycol ( 4ml/kg b.wt s/c) and kept as a control group. Group 2: Rats were injected with Ivermectin (0.56mg/kg b.w.s/c). Group3: Rats were given Rafoxanide per os (7.5mg/kg b.w.). Group4: Rats were injected with Ivermectin (0.56mg/kg b.w.s/c) concomitantly with Rafoxanide (7.5mg/kg b.w. orally). Five rats from each treated and control group were killed after 2nd, 4th week from drug administration . The other were injected at the 30 day with another dose of each drug and vehicle at the same doses as described above and killed at 8 weeks from the beginning of drug administration. Blood , some body organs and epididymal contents were obtained from treated and control rats. The obtained results are summarized as follows:
1 – Effect on some organs weight of male rats : There was a significant reduction in the liver and kidney index weight of male rats after different periods of treatment . The reproductive organs ( testes , epididymis and accessory sex glands ) showed a significant reduction in testes index weights 2 - Effect on epididymal sperm characters : There was a significant reduction in sperm cell concentration in all treated group after 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment as compared with control group. There was a significant reduction in the progressive sperm motility % in all treated groups at 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment as compared with control group . There was a significant increase in the total sperm abnormality % in all treated groups at 4th and 8th week of the experiment as compared with control group. 3 – Blood picture : There was a significant increase in R.B.Cs. count in all treated groups and a significant increased in W.B.Cs count at different periods from drug treatment. There was a significant increased in the Hb (gm. %) and packed cell volume percent (PCV%) at different periods of the experiment .4 – Biochemical findings : The activities of ALT and ALP were significantly increased in all treated group at the 2nd ,4th and 8th week of the experiment as compared with the control group . There was a significant increased in total protein and total billirubin levels . There was a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine levels in all treated group at the 2nd ,4th and 8th weeks of the experiment as compared with the control group. 5 – Histopathological Findings : Generally , the most affected group was that received Ivermectin with Rafoxanide. The most affected organs were testes, prostate and seminal vesicle . There were many histological alterations in the liver, kidney , testes, prostate glands and seminal vesicle of treated mature male rats.